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arXiv:2307.02005

Quantum metrology in complex systems and experimental verification by quantum simulation

Qing Ai, Yangyang Wang, Jing Qiu

Published Jul 5, 2023• 0 citations
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Abstract

Quantum metrology based on quantum entanglement and quantum coherence improves the accuracy of measurement. In this paper, we briefly review the schemes of quantum metrology in various complex systems, including non-Markovian noise, correlated noise, quantum critical system. On the other hand, the booming development of quantum information allows us to utilize quantum simulation experiments to test the feasibility of various theoretical schemes and demonstrate the rich physical phenomena in complex systems, such as bound states in one-dimensional coupled cavity arrays, single-photon switches and routers.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2307.02005

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Quantum metrology based on quantum entanglement and quantum coherence improves the accuracy of measurement. In this paper, we briefly review the schemes of quantum metrology in various complex systems, including non-Markovian noise, correlated noise, quantum critical system. On the other hand, the booming development of quantum information allows us to utilize quantum simulation experiments to test the feasibility of various theoretical schemes and demonstrate the rich physical phenomena in complex systems, such as bound states in one-dimensional coupled cavity arrays, single-photon switches and routers.
The current frontier of our understanding of the physical universe is dominated by quantum phenomena. Uncovering the prospects and limitations of acquiring and processing information using quantum effects is an outstanding challenge in physical science. This thesis presents an analysis of several new model systems and applications for quantum information processing and metrology.\n\nFirst, we analyze quantum optomechanical systems exhibiting quantum phenomena in both optical and mechanical degrees of freedom. We investigate the strength of non-classical correlations in a model system of two optical and one mechanical mode. We propose and analyze experimental protocols that exploit these correlations for quantum computation.\n\nWe then turn our attention to atom-cavity systems involving strong coupling of atoms with optical photons, and investigate the possibility of using them to store information robustly and as relay nodes. We present a scheme for a robust two-qubit quantum gate with inherent error-detection capabilities. We consider several remote entanglement protocols employing this robust gate, and we use these systems to study the performance of the gate in practical applications.\n\nFinally, we present a new protocol for running multiple, remote atomic clocks in quantum unison. We show that by creating a cascade of independent Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states distributed across the network, the scheme asymptotically reaches the Heisenberg limit, the fundamental limit of measurement accuracy. We propose an experimental realization of such a network consisting of neutral atom clocks, and analyze the practical performance of such a system.
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Quantum metrology promises unprecedented precision of parameter estimation, but it is often vulnerable to noise. While significant efforts have been devoted to improving the metrology performance in Markovian environments, practical control schemes specifically designed for non-Markovian noises are much less investigated. Here, we propose two control-enhanced quantum metrology schemes that are suitable for tackling general non-Markovian noises described by noise channels or noise spectra. We conduct experiments to verify the efficacy of these schemes on a nuclear magnetic resonance system. The experimental results involving multiqubit probes show that the parameter estimation precision can be greatly improved, significantly surpassing the standard quantum limit, with our schemes. At present, non-Markovian noises are widely encountered on diverse quantum devices, the proposed schemes are relevant for realistic metrology applications on these platforms. Quantum metrology, a powerful paradigm for surpassing classical measurement precision, has been extensively studied for Markovian noise, while most practical physical processes obey non-Markovian dynamics. In this paper, the authors propose control-enhanced quantum metrology schemes to counteract non-Markovian noise and experimentally verify their efficacy.
Quantum coherence is the key resource for quantum technology, with applications in quantum optics, information processing, metrology and cryptography. Yet, there is no universally efficient method for quantifying coherence either in theoretical or in experimental practice. I introduce a framework for measuring quantum coherence in finite dimensional systems. I define a theoretical measure which satisfies the reliability criteria established in the context of quantum resource theories. Then, I present an experimental scheme implementable with current technology which evaluates the quantum coherence of an unknown state of a d-dimensional system by performing two programmable measurements on an ancillary qubit, in place of the O(d2)O(d^2)O(d2) direct measurements required by full state reconstruction. The result yields a benchmark for monitoring quantum effects in complex systems, e.g. certifying non-classicality in quantum communication and simulation protocols and probing the quantum behaviour of biological complexes.
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This paper explores the potential of quantum metrology, specifically utilizing entangled photon pairs, to significantly enhance the precision of measurement systems. Traditional metrology is often limited by the fundamental precision constraints imposed by classical physics. Entanglement, a quantum mechanical phenomenon where two or more particles are linked in such a way that they share the same fate, regardless of the distance separating them, offers a pathway to overcome these limitations. This work details the theoretical framework for employing entangled photon pairs to minimize measurement noise and improve sensor accuracy. The core claim is that leveraging these correlations can provide a measurable advantage over classical techniques. The proposed mechanism focuses on reducing uncertainties associated with the measurement process by exploiting the inherent correlations between the entangled photons. The research targets applications like gravitational wave detection and biological imaging, where high precision is paramount. The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the theoretical concepts and potential advancements offered by this approach, laying the groundwork for future experimental investigations.