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arXiv:2306.15151

Towards quantization Conway Game of Life

Krzysztof Dominik Pomorski, Dariusz Kotula

Published Jun 27, 2023• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Classical stochastic Conway Game of Life is expressed by the dissipative Schrödinger equation and dissipative tight-binding model. This is conducted at the prize of usage of time dependent anomalous non-Hermitian Hamiltonians as with occurrence of complex value potential that do not preserve the normalization of wave-function and thus allows for mimicking creationism or annihilationism of cellular automaton. Simply saying time-dependent complex value eigenenergies are similar to complex values of resonant frequencies in electromagnetic resonant cavities reflecting presence of dissipation that reflects energy leaving the system or being pumped into the system. At the same time various aspects of thermodynamics were observed in cellular automata that can be later reformulated by quantum mechanical pictures. The usage of Shannon entropy and mass equivalence to energy points definition of cellular automata temperature. Contrary to intuitive statement the system dynamical equilibrium is always reflected by negative temperatures. Diffusion of mass, energy and temperature as well as phase of proposed wave function is reported and can be directly linked with second thermodynamics law approximately valid for the system, where neither mass nor energy is conserved. The concept of complex-valued mass mimics wave-function behavior. Equivalence an anomalous second Fick law and dissipative Schrödinger equation is given. Dissipative Conway Game of Life tight-binding Hamiltonian is given using phenomenological justification.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2306.15151

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Classical stochastic Conway Game of Life is expressed by the dissipative Schrödinger equation and dissipative tight-binding model. This is conducted at the prize of usage of time dependent anomalous non-Hermitian Hamiltonians as with occurrence of complex value potential that do not preserve the normalization of wave-function and thus allows for mimicking creationism or annihilationism of cellular automaton. Simply saying time-dependent complex value eigenenergies are similar to complex values of resonant frequencies in electromagnetic resonant cavities reflecting presence of dissipation that reflects energy leaving the system or being pumped into the system. At the same time various aspects of thermodynamics were observed in cellular automata that can be later reformulated by quantum mechanical pictures. The usage of Shannon entropy and mass equivalence to energy points definition of cellular automata temperature. Contrary to intuitive statement the system dynamical equilibrium is always reflected by negative temperatures. Diffusion of mass, energy and temperature as well as phase of proposed wave function is reported and can be directly linked with second thermodynamics law approximately valid for the system, where neither mass nor energy is conserved. The concept of complex-valued mass mimics wave-function behavior. Equivalence an anomalous second Fick law and dissipative Schrödinger equation is given. Dissipative Conway Game of Life tight-binding Hamiltonian is given using phenomenological justification.
The classical "game of life" (GOL) due to Conway is a famous mathematical game constructed as a two-dimensional cellular automaton in which each cell is either alive or dead. A set of evolutionary rules determines whether a cell dies, survives or is born at each generation based on its local environment. The game of life is interesting because complexity emerges from simple rules and mimics real life in that a cell flourishes only if the environment is "just right" producing a breadth of life-like behavior including multi-cellular lifeforms. Results are presented from a quantum adaptation of the GOL which assigns a qubit to each cell which then evolves according to modified evolutionary rules. Computer simulation reveals remarkable evolutionary complexity that is distinct from the classical GOL and which mimics aspects of quantum biological processes and holds promise for the realistic simulation of species population dynamics. Liveness emerges as a probability density with universal statistical properties dependent solely on the evolutionary rules. New species of quantum lifeform are found. One quantum lifeform is shown to act as a seed to produce children, one or more classical and/or quantum lifeforms, classical oscillators, a liveness probability density or death with outcomes highly sensitive to the initial state. We observe the emergence of chaos and scaling phenomena making the quantum game of life an exciting prospect for further exploration as a model for life-like behaviors.
We discuss the action principle and resulting Hamiltonian equations of motion for a class of integer-valued cellular automata introduced recently [1]. Employing sampling theory, these deterministic finite-difference equations are mapped reversibly on continuum equations describing a set of bandwidth limited harmonic oscillators. They represent the Schrödinger equation. However, modifications reflecting the bandwidth limit are incorporated, i.e. , the presence of a time (or length) scale. When this discreteness scale is taken to zero, the usual results are obtained. Thus, the linearity of quantum mechanics can be traced to the postulated action principle of such cellular automata and its conservation laws to discrete ones. The cellular automaton conservation laws are in one-to-one correspondence with those of the related quantum mechanical model, while admissible symmetries are not.
A synopsis is offered of the properties of discrete and integer-valued, hence "natural", cellular automata (CA). A particular class comprises the "Hamiltonian CA" with discrete updating rules that resemble Hamilton's equations. The resulting dynamics is linear like the unitary evolution described by the Schrödinger equation. Employing Shannon's Sampling Theorem, we construct an invertible map between such CA and continuous quantum mechanical models which incorporate a fundamental discreteness scale l . Consequently, there is a one-to-one correspondence of quantum mechanical and CA conservation laws. We discuss the important issue of linearity, recalling that nonlinearities imply nonlocal effects in the continuous quantum mechanical description of intrinsically local discrete CA - requiring locality entails linearity. The admissible CA observables and the existence of solutions of the l -dependent dispersion relation for stationary states are mentioned, besides the construction of multipartite CA obeying the Superposition Principle. We point out problems when trying to match the deterministic CA here to those envisioned in 't Hooft's CA Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.
We consider discrete and integer-valued cellular automata (CA). A particular class of which comprises "Hamiltonian CA" with equations of motion that bear similarities to Hamilton's equations, while they present discrete updating rules. The dynamics is linear , quite similar to unitary evolution described by the Schrödinger equation. This has been essential in our construction of an invertible map between such CA and continuous quantum mechanical models, which incorporate a fundamental discreteness scale. Based on Shannon's sampling theory, it leads, for example, to a one-to-one relation between quantum mechanical and CA conservation laws. The important issue of linearity of the theory is examined here by incorporating higher-order nonlinearities into the underlying action. These produce inconsistent nonlocal (in time) effects when trying to describe continuously such nonlinear CA. Therefore, in the present framework, only linear CA and local quantum mechanical dynamics are compatible.
The mathematical equivalence between finite state stochastic machine and non-dissipative and dissipative quantum tight-binding and Schroedinger model is derived. Stochastic Finite state machine is also expressed by classical epidemic model and can reproduce the quantum entanglement emerging in the case of electrostatically coupled qubits described by von-Neumann entropy both in non-dissipative and dissipative case. The obtained results shows that quantum mechanical phenomena might be simulated by classical statistical model as represented by finite state stochastic machine. It includes the quantum like entanglement and superposition of states. Therefore coupled epidemic models expressed by classical systems in terms of classical physics can be the base for possible incorporation of quantum technologies and in particular for quantum like computation and quantum like communication. The classical density matrix is derived and described by the equation of motion in terms of anticommutator. Existence of Rabi like oscillations is pointed in classical epidemic model. Furthermore the existence of Aharonov-Bohm effect in quantum systems can also be reproduced by the classical epidemic model or in broader sense by finite state stochastic machine. Every quantum system made from quantum dots and described by simplistic tight-binding model by use of position-based qubits can be effectively described by classical statistical model encoded in finite stochastic state machine with very specific structure of S matrix that has twice bigger size as it is the case of quantum matrix Hamiltonian. Furthermore the description of linear and non-linear stochastic finite state machine is mapped to tight-binding and Schroedinger model. The concept of N dimensional complex time is incorporated into tight-binding model, so the description of dissipation in most general case is possible.
Probabilistic cellular automata with deterministic updating are discrete quantum systems. They are characterized by a probability distribution over initial configurations. We employ the quantum formalism for an investigation of random probabilistic cellular automata for which the properties of the deterministic updating are randomly distributed over space and time. We are interested in a possible continuum limit for a very large number of cells or space points. We consider bits with two colors, moving to the left or right on a linear chain. At randomly distributed scattering points they change direction and color. A numerical simulation reveals the typical features of quantum systems. We find particular initial probability distributions which reemerge periodically after a certain number of time steps, as produced by the periodic evolution of energy eigenstates in quantum mechanics. Using a description in terms of wave functions allows us to introduce statistical observables for momentum and energy. They characterize the probabilistic information without taking definite values for a given bit configuration, with a conceptual status similar to temperature in classical statistical thermal equilibrium. Conservation of energy and momentum are essential ingredients for the understanding of the evolution of the stochastic probabilistic automata. This evolution resembles in some aspects a single Dirac fermion in two dimensions with a generalized random potential.