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arXiv:2306.09941 · Physics Letters B

Signatures of the black hole quantum atmosphere in nonlocal correlations

Adam Z. Kaczmarek, Dominik Szczęśniak

Published Nov 30, 2023• 12 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Recently, it was suggested that the Hawking radiation may originate not at the event horizon but in the quantum region outside of it, known as the quantum atmosphere. The present study attempts to explore this argument further by assessing its role in shaping quantum correlations in a bipartite system near a black hole. Herein, these correlations are conveniently captured within the geometric measure of nonlocality, termed as the measurement-induced nonlocality, and found to exhibit signatures of the atmosphere. In particular, a notable loss of the correlations is observed well outside the event horizon, coinciding with the peak of particles radiation in the atmosphere region. Still, the correlations are shown to be always finite therein and to continuously scale with not only the radiation temperature but also with the horizon size. Hence, some characteristics of the atmosphere appears to be detectable at the quantum correlations level, providing novel insight and means to help verify the concept of interest.

DOI
10.1016/j.physletb.2023.138364

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Recently, it was suggested that the Hawking radiation may originate not at the event horizon but in the quantum region outside of it, known as the quantum atmosphere. The present study attempts to explore this argument further by assessing its role in shaping quantum correlations in a bipartite system near a black hole. Herein, these correlations are conveniently captured within the geometric measure of nonlocality, termed as the measurement-induced nonlocality, and found to exhibit signatures of the atmosphere. In particular, a notable loss of the correlations is observed well outside the event horizon, coinciding with the peak of particles radiation in the atmosphere region. Still, the correlations are shown to be always finite therein and to continuously scale with not only the radiation temperature but also with the horizon size. Hence, some characteristics of the atmosphere appears to be detectable at the quantum correlations level, providing novel insight and means to help verify the concept of interest.
Recent theoretical studies propose that Hawking radiation may not emerge strictly at the event horizon but rather from the spatially extended region surrounding a black hole, commonly referred to as the quantum atmosphere. In this work, we explore how this concept influences nonlocal quantum correlations in a bosonic bipartite system located at certain distance from a Schwarzschild black hole. By employing the measurement-induced nonlocality (MIN), as a quantifier of quantum correlations, we analyze the response of bosonic fields to the thermal and geometric characteristics associated with the Hartle-Hawking vacuum. In this manner, we extend previous studies that primarily focused on the fermionic systems. Our results reveal that, when quantum atmosphere is taken into account, the behavior of MIN departs from its conventional near-horizon profile. In particular, bosonic nonlocal correlations are found to exhibit a pronounced degradation at a finite radial distance from the event horizon and to ultimately vanish as scaled distance increases further. To some extent this behavior contrasts with the previously considered fermionic case, indicating that bosonic fields provide potentially stronger response to the quantum atmosphere.
Recent theoretical studies propose that Hawking radiation may not emerge strictly at the event horizon but rather from the spatially extended region surrounding a black hole, commonly referred to as the quantum atmosphere. In this work, we explore how this concept influences nonlocal quantum correlations in a bosonic bipartite system located at a certain distance from a Schwarzschild black hole. By employing the measurement-induced nonlocality (MIN) as a quantifier of quantum correlations, we analyze the response of bosonic fields to the thermal and geometric characteristics associated with the Hartle–Hawking vacuum. Those features are associated with the coordinate-dependent metric components of the Schwarzschild background. In this manner, we extend previous studies that primarily focused on the fermionic systems. Our results reveal that when the quantum atmosphere is taken into account, the behavior of MIN departs from its conventional near-horizon profile. In particular, bosonic nonlocal correlations are found to exhibit a pronounced degradation at a finite radial distance from the event horizon and to ultimately vanish as the scaled distance increases further. To some extent this behavior contrasts with the previously considered fermionic case, indicating that bosonic fields provide a potentially stronger response to the quantum atmosphere.
According to the recently introduced concept of quantum atmosphere, black hole radiation is proposed to originate from the quantum excitations at an effective distance ( r ) near the event horizon ( ). Here, this concept is explored from the quantum resource perspective by analysing the coherence of multipartite quantum systems located near a black hole. For the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state, it is found that signatures of the atmosphere are apparent. This is to say, the coherence exhibits a peak near the event horizon and next decreases, recovering conventional behavior at . Interestingly, the results shown that as the quantum state becomes more complex and the number of parties increases, the role of quantum atmosphere diminishes and the standard behaviour expected for the N -partite coherence quantifiers can be observed. This means that in more complex configurations, the quantum atmosphere signatures may not be detectable. Hence, our findings suggest that caution should be taken regarding size of a system when consiering the quantum atmosphere argument.
Recent progress suggests that Hawking radiation originates not from the black hole’s event horizon but from a quantum atmosphere outside the horizon. Consider this, the current work focuses on revealing the effect of the quantum atmosphere on various quantum resources in the Schwarzschild black hole, including nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence (NAQC), Bell nonlocality, quantum steering, and quantum discord (QD). Interestingly, it is found that the quantumness of the accessible region is strongest near the event horizon, and will decline as the particle is far away from it. Furthermore, the hierarchical relationship among the concerned quantum resources are shown, i.e., the NAQC represent a stronger quantum correlation compared to quantum steering and Bell nonlocality, implying that a bipartite state achieving NAQC must also be steerable and Bell nonlocal. Additionally, we examine the monogamy relation of quantum discord in the quantum atmosphere framework. It turns out that the squared quantum discord (SQD) is monogamous, whereas quantum discord (QD) is not. Furthermore, it is verified that the bipartite QD constrains the sum of SQD in physically accessible and inaccessible regions. This current study sheds light on the quantumness in quantum atmosphere, and facilitate us understand information paradox of black holes from the viewpoint of quantum resource theories.
Quantum imaginarity, as a critical resource metric for quantifying intrinsic nonreal coherence encoded in quantum states, exhibits nontrivial evolutionary behaviors in curved spacetime backgrounds. This work focuses on bipartite Dirac field reduced states in the quantum atmosphere of a static Schwarzschild black hole, aiming to explore the modulation of three mainstream imaginarity measures by Hawking thermal radiation. We reveal that the relative-entropy imaginarity, the geometric imaginarity and robustness of imaginarity, the fully accessible state presents a valley-shaped radial profile with a local minimum inside the quantum atmosphere, while the cross-coupling and fully inaccessible states follow opposite peak-shaped trends. Further analysis demonstrates that the Hartle-Hawking constant significantly strengthens the redistribution effect of imaginarity across both regions, whereas an increase in the event horizon radius weakens such redistribution and flattens the extremum features. These findings offer a new perspective for decoding the information structure of black hole quantum atmospheres and the intrinsic quantum nature of Hawking radiation.
The effect of Hawking radiation on nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence (NAQC) is investigated by considering the Hartle-Hawking temperature under the Schwarzschild space-time. We analyze the characteristics of NAQC in the physically accessible and inaccessible regions. It is found that the minimum value for NAQC is indeed corresponding to the peak of Hawking radiation in accessible regions. Owing to the Hawking effect, quantum resource for the accessible and inaccessible regions is redistributed, and the trade-off relation for the information flow is revealed in the black hole. Besides, we examined the influences of Hawking radius, the distance from the black hole center to particle and the Hartle-Hawking constant on NAQC. It indicates that the smaller Hartle-Hawking constant and larger Hawking radius leads to an increase of NAQC in the physically accessible system. In addition, the hierarchical relationship among various quantum resources is verified in the black hole. If NAQC is achieved in the accessible region, the systemic state must be entangled, steerable and Bell nonlocal. Our findings show that the signatures of quantum atmosphere can be detected via NAQC and it offers a valuable insight on understanding the origination of Hawking radiation.