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arXiv:2306.01586 · Physical Review A

Interaction-induced transition in quantum many-body detection probability

Archak Purkayastha, Alberto Imparato

Published Feb 23, 2024• 4 citations
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Abstract

The authors introduce the concept of quantum many-body detection probability. They use this to demonstrate the possibility of observing a non-equilibrium transition in a quantum many-body system using single-shot stroboscopic measurements, bypassing the need to repeat the experiment several times to obtain expectation values.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.109.l020202

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In an ideal quantum measurement, the wave function of a quantum system collapses to an eigenstate of the measured observable, and the corresponding eigenvalue determines the measurement outcome. If the observable commutes with the system Hamiltonian, repeated measurements yield the same result and thus minimally disturb the system. Seminal quantum optics experiments have achieved such quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements of systems with few degrees of freedom. In contrast, here we describe how the QND measurement of a complex many-body observable, the Hamiltonian of an interacting many-body system, can be implemented in a trapped-ion analog quantum simulator. Through a single-shot measurement, the many-body system is prepared in a narrow band of (highly excited) energy eigenstates, and potentially even a single eigenstate. Our QND scheme, which can be carried over to other platforms of quantum simulation, provides a framework to investigate experimentally fundamental aspects of equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical physics including the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis and quantum fluctuation relations.
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