Six Measurement Problems of Quantum Mechanics

Jeffrey Bub

James Arneberg

Abstract This paper consolidates six earlier papers on the dipole-wave framework into a single, accessible summary. The core idea is that every subatomic particle has a dipole—a tiny oscillating magnet—that emits a real guiding wave. The particle follows that wave. This simple mechanism replaces much of quantum mechanics, including interference, the measurement problem, and Bell-type correlations, without hidden variables or the usual quantum perplexities. Keywords: quantum, double-slit, polarization, dipole, wave Introduction The purpose of this paper is to consolidate the information across all six of the dipole-wave papers and make that information as accessible as possible to non-science readers. The core idea is simple: every subatomic particle, like a photon and an electron, has a dipole that acts like a little magnet whose oscillations from north to south emit a wave. That wave is real. It travels through three-dimensional space. And it guides the particle. This single framework, worked out carefully, can replace much of quantum mechanics— including interference, the measurement problem, and Bell expectations—without hidden variables, without post-creation mysteries, and without the usual quantum perplexities.This paper has three parts: first, the dipole-wave framework; second, the contribution of each of the six papers; and third, how this replaces our current understanding of quantum mechanics.

修三 小川

James Arneberg

Abstract This paper consolidates six earlier papers on the dipole-wave framework into a single, accessible summary. The core idea is that every subatomic particle has a dipole—a tiny oscillating magnet—that emits a real guiding wave. The particle follows that wave. This simple mechanism replaces much of quantum mechanics, including interference, the measurement problem, and Bell-type correlations, without hidden variables or the usual quantum perplexities.

Jeffrey Bub

Sami Calvo

This paper aims to first explain, somewhat more clearly, the Stochastic-Quantum correspondence put forward in by Barandes in 2023. Specifically, the quantum-mechanical bra-ket notation is used, illuminating some results of previous results. With this, we prove the six axioms of textbook quantum mechanics from a single axiom: every physical system evolves according to a, generally indivisible, stochastic law. Afterwards, we generalise the treatment to continuous bases, which showcases a problem with them, indicating that space (and other physical variables) may be discrete in nature. Some concrete examples are also given, including the generalisation to classical and quantum fields. Then, we treat some practical issues of this new stochastic approach, regarding the solving of problems in physics, which turns out to still be most tractable in the traditional way. Finally, we explain the classical limit, where a system of many particles is found to behave classically according to Newton's second law. Along with that, we present a way of solving the measurement problem, characterising what is an environment and a measuring device and explaining how the wavefunction collapse comes about. Specifically, it is found that what distinguishes an environment is its number of degrees of freedom, while a measuring device is a low-entropy type of environment.