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arXiv:2305.01125

Adiabatic driving and parallel transport for parameter-dependent Hamiltonians

A. D. Bermúdez Manjarres, A. Botero

Published May 1, 2023• 1 citation
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Abstract

We use the Van Vleck-Primas perturbation theory to study the problem of parallel transport of the eigenvectors of a parameter-dependent Hamiltonian. The perturbative approach allows us to define a non-Abelian connection $\mathcal{A}$ that generates parallel translation via unitary transformation of the eigenvectors. It is shown that the connection obtained via the perturbative approach is an average of the Maurer-Cartan 1-form of the one-parameter subgroup generated by the Hamiltonian. We use the Yang-Mills curvature and the non-Abelian Stokes' theorem to show that the holonomy of the connection $\mathcal{A}$ is related to the Berry phase.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2305.01125

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We use the Van Vleck-Primas perturbation theory to study the problem of parallel transport of the eigenvectors of a parameter-dependent Hamiltonian. The perturbative approach allows us to define a non-Abelian connection A\mathcal{A}A that generates parallel translation via unitary transformation of the eigenvectors. It is shown that the connection obtained via the perturbative approach is an average of the Maurer-Cartan 1-form of the one-parameter subgroup generated by the Hamiltonian. We use the Yang-Mills curvature and the non-Abelian Stokes' theorem to show that the holonomy of the connection A\mathcal{A}A is related to the Berry phase.
Berry connections are shown to be invariant under the action of symmetry groups on parameter space. This observation allows one to use the theory of invariant Yang-Mills potentials to evaluate these connections without computing the instantaneous energy eigenstates. Hamiltonians belonging to the algebra of a Lie group are examined in this light. They provide a wide class of systems admitting nontrivial adiabatic holonomy. The special case of the generalized harmonic oscillator is analyzed and the SO(2,1) invariance of the associated Berry connection is exhibited.
The Uhlmann phase extends geometric phases to mixed quantum states via a parallel-transport condition on purification amplitudes, yet its direct implementation under standard Hamiltonian dynamics is obstructed by the non-Hermitian nature of the purification. We establish that for any smooth one-dimensional closed loop of full-rank qubit density matrices, there exists a four-level Hermitian parent Hamiltonian whose doubly degenerate ground-state subspace carries a Wilczek--Zee connection exactly equal to the Uhlmann connection. Consequently, the Uhlmann holonomy is faithfully reproduced by adiabatic evolution in the enlarged system. We further prove that this auxiliary-field construction is obstructed in generic two-dimensional parameter spaces by a Frobenius integrability condition, which we derive explicitly. The one-dimensional Uhlmann phase is thus placed on the same footing as the non-Abelian Berry phase, offering a purely Hermitian, Hamiltonian-based route to simulating mixed-state geometric phases. Numerical integration of the adiabatic dynamics confirms the exact correspondence and validates the convergence to the Uhlmann holonomy in the large-gap limit.
The line bundles which arise in the holonomy interpretations of the geometric phase display curious similarities to those encountered in the statement of the Borel-Weil-Bott theorem of the representation theory. The remarkable relation of the geometric phase to the classification of complex line bundles provides the necessary tools for establishing the relevance of the Borel-Weil-Bott theorem to Berry's adiabatic phase. This enables one to define a set of topological charges for arbitrary compact connected semisimple dynamical Lie groups. In this paper, the problem of the determination of the parameter space of the Hamiltonian is also addressed. A simple topological argument is presented to indicate the relation between the Riemannian structure on the parameter space and Berry's connection. The results about the fibre bundles and group theory are used to introduce a procedure to reduce the problem of the non-adiabatic (geometric) phase to Berry's adiabatic phase for cranked Hamiltonians. Finally, the possible relevance of the topological charges of the geometric phase to those of the non-abelian monopoles is pointed out.
This Theorem establishes that the Q5 transport holonomy and the Berry holonomy of the canonical Bloch system are the same closed-loop invariant, not merely comparable representatives. Under the conditions that the reduced transport family is cyclic and nondegenerate, the induced Bloch loop is well-defined and closed, and adiabatic transport is defined on the eigenbundle: Hol_{Q5} := ∮μ(Q)dλ = Hol_Berry = γ_Berry (mod 2π) The proof follows directly from T41: the rotational trace one-form μ(Q)dλ differs from the Berry connection only by an exact differential, which integrates to zero on a closed loop. The gauge-invariant holonomy lemma confirms that the loop integral is independent of admissible gauge transformations preserving the cyclic transport class. The distinction between the Q5 transport phase and geometric Berry phase is therefore one of representation, not of underlying invariant. Status: Gauge-invariant holonomy lemma exact, follows from exact-differential argument of T41. Holonomy equivalence exact at the closed-loop level, independent of gauge. Inherits the normalization condition required for the T41 connection-level identification. No additional assumptions introduced beyond T41. Dependencies: T39, T40, T41.
The present paper analyses the relation between the theory of the time-dependent wave operator and the Berry phase concept. It is proved that the wave operator approach is consistent with the non-adiabatic (Aharonov–Anandan) Berry phase, given that the wave operator and the parallel transport commute. It is then demonstrated that the non-Abelian Aharonov–Anandan phase can be calculated by working inside a reduced active space in the framework of wave operator theory. Finally an adiabatic transport formula is derived in the wave operator context and the influence of this effective Hamiltonian theory on the Berry phase is analysed. The theoretical results concerning the non-adiabatic Berry phase are confirmed numerically by considering a photodissociation process in the framework of the generalized Floquet theory.