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arXiv:2304.08031 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

SU(1,1)-displaced coherent states, photon counting, and squeezing

Jean‐Pierre Gazeau, M. A. del Olmo

Published Mar 6, 2023• 4 citations
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Abstract

We revisit the Perelomov SU(1,1)-displaced coherent states as possible quantum states of light. We disclose interesting statistical aspects of these states in relation to photon counting and squeezing. In the non-displaced case, we discuss the efficiency of the photodetector as inversely proportional to the parameterϰof the discrete series of unitary irreducible representations of SU(1,1). In the displaced case, we study the counting and squeezing properties of the states in terms ofϰand the number of photons in the original displaced state. We finally examine the quantization of a classical radiation field based on these families of coherent states. The procedure yields displacement operators that might allow to prepare such states in the way proposed by Glauber for standard coherent states.

DOI
10.1364/josab.484284

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We revisit the Perelomov SU(1,1)-displaced coherent states as possible quantum states of light. We disclose interesting statistical aspects of these states in relation to photon counting and squeezing. In the non-displaced case, we discuss the efficiency of the photodetector as inversely proportional to the parameterϰof the discrete series of unitary irreducible representations of SU(1,1). In the displaced case, we study the counting and squeezing properties of the states in terms ofϰand the number of photons in the original displaced state. We finally examine the quantization of a classical radiation field based on these families of coherent states. The procedure yields displacement operators that might allow to prepare such states in the way proposed by Glauber for standard coherent states.
The most general displaced number states, based on the bosonic and an irreducible representation of the Lie algebra symmetry of su(1, 1) and associated with the Calogero-Sutherland model are introduced. Here, we utilize the Barut-Girardello displacement operator instead of the Klauder-Perelomov counterpart, to construct new kind of the displaced number states which can be classified in nonlinear coherent states regime, too, with special nonlinearity functions. They depend on two parameters, and can be converted into the well-known Barut-Girardello coherent and number states, respectively, depending on which of the parameters equal to zero. A discussion of the statistical properties of these states is included. Significant are their squeezing properties and anti-bunching effects which can be raised by increasing the energy quantum number. Depending on the particular choice of the parameters of the above scenario, we are able to determine the status of compliance with flexible statistics. Major parts of the issue is spent on something that these states, in fact, should be considered as new kind of photon-added coherent states, too. Which can be reproduced through an iterated action of a creation operator on new nonlinear Barut-Girardello coherent states. Where the latter carry, also, outstanding statistical features.
The most general displaced number 'coherent' states, based on the Heisenberg, su (2) and su (1, 1) Lie algebras symmetries, are constructed. They depend on two parameters, and can be converted into the well-known photon-added, two variable Glauber coherent states and displaced number states respectively, depending on which of the parameters is equal to zero. The relations of the Weyl–Heisenberg algebra guarantee a corresponding resolution of the identity conditions. A discussion of the statistical properties of these states is included. Significant are their squeezing properties, which can be raised by increasing the energy and angular momentum quantum numbers n and m . The maximum squeezing is obtained for B ext = 0. Depending on the particular choice of parameters in the above scenarios, we are able to determine the status of compliance with Poissonian statistics. In the limiting case, we obtain a major result about the non-classical properties of the Glauber minimum uncertainty coherent states. In other words, in addition to the requirement to minimize uncertainty conditions, they carry non-classical features too. Finally, a theoretical framework is proposed to generate them.
Abstract From the definition of the standard Perelomov coherent states we introduce the Perelomov number coherent states for any su(2) Lie algebra. With the displacement operator we apply a similarity transformation to the su(2) generators and construct a new set of operators which also close the su(2) Lie algebra, being the Perelomov number coherent states the new basis for its unitary irreducible representation. We apply our results to obtain the energy spectrum, the eigenstates and the partition function of two coupled oscillators. We show that the eigenstates of two coupled oscillators are the SU(2) Perelomov number coherent states of the two-dimensional harmonic oscillator with an appropriate choice of the coherent state parameters.
This chapter reviews theoretical and experimental aspects of non-classical states of light, e.g., squeezed states and number states. The definition of squeezed states and a review of their general properties is followed by a discussion of special kinds of squeezing, e.g., squeezed coherent states, displaced squeezed states, and amplitude or phase squeezing. An overview of photon counting statistics and robustness of squeezed states is followed by a theoretical model of their generation and a description of their experimental production. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of the experimental generation of number states, including methods for generation of single-photon states on demand, which have applications to quantum information processing.
After developing the concept of displaced squeezed vacuum states in the nonunitary approach and establishing the connection to the unitary approach we calculate their quasiprobabilities and expectation values † k a a in general form.Then we consider the displacement of the squeezed vacuum states and calculate their photon statistics and their quasiprobabilities.The expectation values of the displaced states are related to the expectation values of the undisplaced states and are calculated for some simplest cases which are sufficient to discuss their categorization as sub-Poissonian and super-Poissonian statistics.A large set of these states do not belong to sub-or to super-Poissonian states but are also not Poissonian states.We illustrate in examples their photon distributions.This shows that the notions of sub-and of super-Poissonian statistics and their use for the definition of nonclassicality of states are problematic.In Appendix A we present the most important relations for ( ) 1,1 SU treatment of squeezing and the disentanglement of their operators.Some initial members of sequences of expectation values for squeezed vacuum states are collected in Appendix E.
We extend recent results on expectation values of coherent oscillator states and SU(2) coherent states to the case of the discrete representations of su(1,1). Systematic semiclassical expansions of products of arbitrary operators are derived. In particular, the leading order of the energy uncertainty of an arbitrary Hamiltonian is found to be given purely in terms of the time dependence of the classical variables. The coherent states considered here include the Perelomov-Gilmore (PG) coherent states. As an important application we discuss the pseudoharmonic oscillator and compare the PG states with the states introduced by Barut and Girardello. The latter ones turn out to be closer to the classical limit as their relative energy variance decays with the inverse square root of energy, while in the former case a constant is approached.