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arXiv:2303.17000 · Quantum

Stabilizer Codes with Exotic Local-dimensions

Lane G. Gunderman

Published Feb 12, 2024• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Traditional stabilizer codes operate over prime power local-dimensions. In this work we extend the stabilizer formalism using the local-dimension-invariant setting to import stabilizer codes from these standard local-dimensions to other cases. In particular, we show that any traditional stabilizer code can be used for analog continuous-variable codes, and consider restrictions in phase space and discretized phase space. This puts this framework on an equivalent footing as traditional stabilizer codes. Following this, using extensions of prior ideas, we show that a stabilizer code originally designed with a finite field local-dimension can be transformed into a code with the same n , k , and d parameters for any integral domain. This is of theoretical interest and can be of use for systems whose local-dimension is better described by mathematical rings, which permits the use of traditional stabilizer codes for protecting their information as well.

DOI
10.22331/q-2024-02-12-1249

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Traditional stabilizer codes operate over prime power local-dimensions. In this work we extend the stabilizer formalism using the local-dimension-invariant setting to import stabilizer codes from these standard local-dimensions to other cases. In particular, we show that any traditional stabilizer code can be used for analog continuous-variable codes, and consider restrictions in phase space and discretized phase space. This puts this framework on an equivalent footing as traditional stabilizer codes. Following this, using extensions of prior ideas, we show that a stabilizer code originally designed with a finite field local-dimension can be transformed into a code with the same n , k , and d parameters for any integral domain. This is of theoretical interest and can be of use for systems whose local-dimension is better described by mathematical rings, which permits the use of traditional stabilizer codes for protecting their information as well.
Quantum error-correcting codes aim to protect information in quantum systems to enable fault-tolerant quantum computations. The most prevalent method, stabilizer codes, has been well developed for many varieties of systems, however, largely the case of composite number of levels in the system has been avoided. This relative absence is due to the underlying ring theoretic tools required for analyzing such systems. Here we explore composite local-dimension quantum stabilizer codes, providing a pair of constructions for transforming known stabilizer codes into valid ones for composite local-dimensions. In addition remarks on logical encodings and the counts possible are discussed. This work lays out central methods for working with composite dimensional systems, enabling full use of the computational space of some systems, and expanding the understanding of the symplectic spaces involved.
The protection of quantum information in systems leveraging more than two basis states (qudits) is an ongoing challenge. A tool for transforming the plethora of qubit stabilizer codes into qudit stabilizer codes is the local-dimension-invariant (LDI) extension to the stabilizer formalism. A drawback of the LDI method is that generally in order to ensure the distance of the resultant code is at least preserved the newly selected local-dimension will need to be any prime bigger than a large cutoff value. In this work we consider the repercussions of this large cutoff value, then by focusing on quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes we are able to bring down this cutoff value. Notably, we are able to reduce it in some cases to the initial local-dimension and for arbitrary CSS qubit-derived codes to singly exponential in ddd with no dependence on the number of logicals kkk. This reduces the size of the caveat in LDI forms in their distance preservation condition.
Quantum error-correcting codes aim to protect information in quantum systems to enable fault-tolerant quantum computations. The most prevalent method, stabilizer codes, has been well developed for many varieties of systems; however, largely the case of a composite number of levels in the system has been avoided. This relative absence is due to the underlying ring theoretic tools required for analyzing such systems. Here we explore composite local-dimension quantum stabilizer codes, providing a pair of constructions for transforming known stabilizer codes into valid ones for composite local dimensions. In addition, remarks on logical encodings and the counts possible are discussed. This work lays out central methods for working with composite dimensional systems, enabling full use of the computational space of some systems and expanding the understanding of the symplectic spaces involved.
Protecting information in systems that have more than two basis states (qudits) not only offers a promising route for reducing the number of individual quantum locations that must be protected, while more accurately reflecting the structure of realistic quantum hardware, but also has some possibly enticing foundational strengths. While work in the past has largely focused on protecting information in quantum devices with locations that are some consistent local structure, this work considers coding-theoretic constraints on devices constructed from locations which may vary in their local structures -- these are mixed-register quantum devices. In this work we provide some general results for mixed-register Pauli operators, then identify some stabilizer encoded information forms that are forbidden. Building on these insights, we construct coding-theoretically optimal mixed-register stabilizer codes from sets of codes defined on coprime local-dimensions. The construction of such codes results in codes with logical subspaces that do not directly correspond to any of the constituent local-dimensions.
Protection of quantum information from noise is a massive challenge. One avenue people have begun to explore is reducing the number of particles needing to be protected from noise and instead use systems with more states, so-called qudit quantum computers. These systems will require codes which utilize the full computational space. Many prior qudit codes are very restrictive on relations between the parameters of number of qudits, number of logical qudits, distance of the code, and number of bases. In this paper we show that codes for these systems can be derived from already known codes, often relaxing the constraints somewhat, a result which could prove to be very useful for fault-tolerant qudit quantum computers.
We develop a theory of stabilizer codes whose stabilizer groups consist of commuting qudit Paulis, oscillator displacements, and/or planar-rotor displacements. We consider codes whose stabilizer groups form generalized lattices in quantum phase space, a condition that guarantees a finite logical dimension. We construct oscillator-rotor, rotor-qudit, and oscillator-rotor-qubit codes that cannot be decomposed into separate subsystems by generalized Clifford transformations. We also introduce an oscillator-qubit code arising from a partially lifted Golay code, where Construction A is applied to half of the Golay code coordinates. We derive analytical forms of logical operators from the symplectic dual lattice, determine Clifford-Gaussian gates from lattice symmetries, show that the code dimension equals the covolume of the stabilizer lattice, and organize the syndrome subspaces into a vector bundle. Our technique builds on earlier non-commutative geometric results by Rieffel, but it can often be interpreted simply as concatenating a given stabilizer code with a Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code, applying conventional lattice-theoretic results, and unconcatenating. We formulate distances, optimal decoding, and quantum weight enumerators, recovering the Pauli, qudit, and GKP versions together with known MacWilliams identities. We construct finite-energy codewords whose encoding is an isometry up to an error exponentially small in the inverse damping parameter.