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arXiv:2303.16667 · Physical Review Applied

Distillation of optical Fock states using atom-cavity systems

G. P. Teja, Chanchal

Published Oct 18, 2023• 1 citation
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Abstract

Fock states are quantized states of electromagnetic waves with diverse applications in quantum optics and quantum communication. However, the generation of arbitrary optical Fock states still remains elusive. Most Fock-state-generation proposals rely on precisely controlling the atom-cavity interactions and are experimentally challenging. We propose a scheme to distill an optical Fock state from a coherent state. A conditional phase flip with arbitrary phase is implemented between the atom and light. The conditional phase flip along with unitary rotations and measurements on the atoms enables us to distill the required Fock state. As an example, we show the distillation of Fock state $|100⟩$.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.20.044049

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Fock states are quantized states of electromagnetic waves with diverse applications in quantum optics and quantum communication. However, the generation of arbitrary optical Fock states still remains elusive. Most Fock-state-generation proposals rely on precisely controlling the atom-cavity interactions and are experimentally challenging. We propose a scheme to distill an optical Fock state from a coherent state. A conditional phase flip with arbitrary phase is implemented between the atom and light. The conditional phase flip along with unitary rotations and measurements on the atoms enables us to distill the required Fock state. As an example, we show the distillation of Fock state ∣100⟩|100⟩∣100⟩.
An optical field with a definite number of photons is very important for quantum metrology and quantum information. Some theoretical protocols for creating such a Fock-state have been proposed, but it is still a big challenge to produce it with a large number photons experimentally. We revisit the system of atoms inside an optical parametric oscillator that was proposed in 1990s, and it is found that for the atom ensemble, the optical Fock-state with an arbitrary number of photons can be generated. Compared to the previous proposals, the scheme presented here is simple and seems physically realizable. The system also provides the possibility to demonstrate the strong interaction between nonclassical light and atoms in a confined space.
A scheme for preparation of coherent superposition of Fock states of electromagnetic field is constructed. The superposition state is created inside the cavity via a strong interaction of a four-level atom with quantum field of the cavity and classic laser fields. We demonstrate the possibility to create desired arbitrary superposition of the cavity Fock states just by changing the relative delay of the fields. Then, as another application of our model, we study a means of creating entanglement of neutral four-level atoms using different sequences of interactions with the cavity and laser fields.
We present a scheme for the deterministic generation of N-photon Fock states from N three-level atoms in a high-finesse optical cavity. The method applies an external laser pulse that generates an N-photon output state while adiabatically keeping the atom-cavity system within a subspace of optically dark states. We present analytical estimates of the error due to amplitude leakage from these dark states for general N, and compare it with explicit results of numerical simulations for N< 5.N<~5.N< 5. The method is shown to provide a robust source of N-photon states under a variety of experimental conditions and is suitable for experimental implementation using a cloud of cold atoms magnetically trapped in a cavity. The resulting N-photon states have potential applications in fundamental studies of nonclassical states and in quantum information processing.
A single two-level atom can be used to prepare an arbitrary photon number state (Fock state) in a high Q cavity . The atom undergoes a controlled succession of interactions with two cavity modes. One of them contains a coherent field. The atom transfers photons one by one from this field to the initially empty second mode. The scheme can be extended to prepare a quantum superposition of the vacuum with a Fock state, a highly non-classical situation. We discuss the feasibility of the experiment with our present Rydberg-atom cavity QED set-up.
The generation of high Fock states of light pulses and their superpositions with provable quantum non-Gaussian features is still very challenging, although the power of conditional methods to herald the approximate state from the available Gaussian states is growing. The atom-light interaction in the high- cavity has been considered a viable alternative to the heralded Fock states of the light pulses from nonlinear optics limited to three-photon Fock states for the last decade. Here, by optimizing the realistic protocol combining it with available optical delay elements, we conclusively predict filtering of Fock states up to ten photons with a high success rate of 20 % using a hierarchy of quantum non-Gaussian criteria. Moreover, the filtering protocol enables the preparation of superposition of Fock states, and we analyze this emerging case up to two photons with provable quantum non-Gaussian coherence and high success rate of 50 % . To demonstrate their quality for applications, we evaluate the robustness of such features, the bunching capability in a linear network, and the sensing capability to estimate the magnitude of unknown force, noise, and phase. These assessments outline the essential conditions and application criteria for realistic optical cavity QED interaction on light pulses to outperform photon detection methods.