Abstract The negativity of the discrete Wigner functions (DWFs) is a measure of non‐classicality and is often used to quantify the degree of quantum coherence in a system. The study of Wigner negativity and its evolution under different quantum channels can provide insight into the stability and robustness of quantum states under their interaction with the environment, which is essential for developing practical quantum computing systems. The variation of DWF negativity of qubit, qutrit, and two‐qubit systems under the action of (non)‐Markovian random telegraph noise (RTN) and amplitude damping (AD) quantum channels is investigated. Different negative quantum states that can be used as a resource for quantum computation and quantum teleportation are constructed. The success of quantum computation and teleportation is estimated for these states under (non)‐Markovian evolutions.
Abstract The negativity of the discrete Wigner functions (DWFs) is a measure of non‐classicality and is often used to quantify the degree of quantum coherence in a system. The study of Wigner negativity and its evolution under different quantum channels can provide insight into the stability and robustness of quantum states under their interaction with the environment, which is essential for developing practical quantum computing systems. The variation of DWF negativity of qubit, qutrit, and two‐qubit systems under the action of (non)‐Markovian random telegraph noise (RTN) and amplitude damping (AD) quantum channels is investigated. Different negative quantum states that can be used as a resource for quantum computation and quantum teleportation are constructed. The success of quantum computation and teleportation is estimated for these states under (non)‐Markovian evolutions.
The central aim of the thesis is to examine how non-classical resources in finite-dimensional quantum systems can be identified, characterized, and protected for practical use in the presence of realistic noise. Using the discrete Wigner functions (DWFs) framework, we introduce negative quantum states and examine how their Wigner negativity, mana, coherence, and teleportation fidelity evolve under unital and non-unital channels, with particular attention to non-Markovian random-telegraph and amplitude-damping dynamics. We also analyze protection strategies based on weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal, showing that these methods can enhance quantum correlations, reduce fidelity deviation, and improve teleportation performance for two-qubit negative states in memory-bearing environments. Moreover, we demonstrate that certain negative states, derived from phase-space point operators, exhibit greater resilience than Bell states in measures of entanglement under non-Markovian noise. Further, this thesis focuses on developing and implementing quantum circuits for generating these states on superconducting hardware and realizing them for the first time on IBM's ibm-Brisbane device. Their preparation is verified using quantum state tomography, demonstrating high fidelity under realistic noise conditions. We propose a teleportation scheme that leverages one of the two-qubit negative quantum states as a resource. Moreover, these two-qubit negative quantum states are also found to perform better than the Bell states for maximal CHSH violation and Fisher information in noisy conditions. We believe that these negative quantum states have the potential to be used in place of the traditional Bell states in scenarios where non-Markovian errors are prevalent. (continued in the PDF)
Abstract The weak measurement (WM) and quantum measurement reversal (QMR) are crucial in protecting the collapse of quantum states. The idea of WM and QMR has recently been used to protect and enhance quantum correlations and universal quantum teleportation (UQT) protocols. Here, we study the quantum correlations, maximal fidelity, and fidelity deviation of the two-qubit negative quantum states developed using discrete Wigner functions with(without) WM and QMR. To take into account the effect of a noisy environment, we evolve the states via non-Markovian amplitude damping and random telegraph noise quantum channels. To benchmark the performance of negative quantum states, we calculate their success probability. We compare our results with the two-qubit maximally entangled Bell state. Interestingly, we observe that some negative quantum states perform better with WM and QMR than the Bell state for different cases under evolution via noisy quantum channels.
Quantum coherence is an essential ingredient in quantum information processing and plays an important role in quantum computation. Therefore, it is a hot issue about how to quantify the coherence of quantum states in theoretical framework. The coherence effect of a state is usually described by the off-diagonal elements of its density matrix with respect to a particular reference basis. Recently, based on the established notions from quantitative theory of entanglement, a resource theory of coherence quantification has been proposed[1,2]. In the theory framework, a proper measure of coherence should satisfy three criteria: the coherence should be zero for all incoherent state; the coherence should not increase under mixing quantum states; the coherence should not increase under incoherent operations. Then, a number of coherence measures have been suggested, such as l1 norm of coherence and the relative entropy of coherence[2]. Wigner function is known as an important tool to study the non-classical property of quantum states for continuous-variable quantum systems. It has been generalized to finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, and named as discrete Wigner function[9-16]. The magic property of quantum states, which promotes stabilizer computation to universal quantum computation, can be generally measured by the absolute sum of the negative items (negativity sum) in the discrete Wigner function of the observed quantum states. In this paper we investigate quantum coherence from the view of discrete Wigner function. From the definition of the discrete Wigner function of the quantum systems with odd prime dimensions, for a given density matrix we analyze in phase space the performance of its diagonal and off-diagonal items. We find that, the discrete Wigner function of a quantum state contains two aspects: the true quantum coherence and the classical mixture, where the part of classical mixture can be excluded by only considering the discrete Wigner function of the diagonal items of the density matrix. Thus, we propose a possible measure method for quantum coherence from the discrete Wigner function of the off-diagonal items of the density matrix. We show that the proposed measure method satisfies the criteria (C1) and (C2) of coherence measure perfectly. For the criteria (C3), we give a numerical proof in three-dimensional quantum system. Meanwhile, we compare the proposed coherence measure with l1 norm coherence, and get an inequality relationship between them. Finally, an inequality is obtained to discuss the relation between quantum coherence and the negativity sum of discrete Wigner function, which shows that the quantum coherence is only necessary but not sufficient for quantum computation speed-up.
Abstract The relation between discrete Wigner function and quantum contextuality based on graph theory has been studied, following the work in [Nature 510,351(2014)]. To do this, non‐stabilizer projectors have been introduced to a series of non‐contextuality graphs based on stabilizer projectors for a single qudit with odd prime dimension. It has been found that, for a phase space point defined by Wootters, there exists a given set of states for an odd‐prime qudit where the negative discrete Wigner function on the phase space point means its quantum contextuality under measurements on the graphs designed by a specific method. To implement this method, a subset of non‐stabilizer projectors has been found. In the union of the set of states for all phase space points, there exists a negativity‐to‐violation map between Wigner function and quantum contextuality inequality. The robustness of the equivalence under depolarizing noise has been analyzed and discussed. For demonstration purposes, the graphs with different independence numbers and the corresponding set of states have been established on a single qutrit. Different to the cited work, this method involves only a single qudit, then is experimentally feasible for a qutrit.
We investigate the ability of Wigner function to reveal and measure general quantum correlations in two-qubit open system. For this purpose, we analyze comparatively their dynamics for two different states, continuous-variable Werner states (CWS) and Bell-diagonal states (BDS), independently interacting with dephasing reservoirs. Then, we explore the effects of decreasing the degree of non-Markovianity on their behavior. We show that the presence of both quantum entanglement and quantum discord allow to have a negative Wigner function, in contrast to the result obtained for the closed two-qubit system [F. Siyouri, M. El Baz and Y. Hassouni, The negativity of Wigner function as a measure of quantum correlations, Quantum Inf. Process. 15(10) (2016) 4237–4252]. In fact, we conclude that negativity of Wigner function can be used to capture and quantify the amount of general non-classical correlations in open quantum systems.
Abstract Quantum teleportation is the fundamental communication unit in quantum communication. Here, a three-level system is selected for storing and transmitting quantum information, due to its unique advantages, such as lower cost than a higher-level system and higher capacity and security than a two-level system. It is known that the key procedure for perfect teleportation is the distribution of entanglement through quantum channel. However, amounts of noise existing in the quantum channel may interfere the entangled state, causing the degradation of quantum entanglement. In the physical implementations of quantum communication schemes, noise acting on the carriers of successive transmissions often exhibits some correlations, which is the so called quantum memory channel. In this paper, a memory channel model during the entanglement distribution phase is constructed and the uniform expression of the evolution of a two-qutrit entangled state under different kinds of correlated noise is derived. Finally, Pauli noise and amplitude damping noise as the typical noise source are considered to analyze the influence of memory effects of noise on qutrit teleportation. It is expected to show that three-level teleportation under these two types of channels can generally enhance the robustness to noise if the Markovian correlations of quantum channel are taken into consideration.