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arXiv:2302.13027 · Nature Physics

Protecting entanglement between logical qubits via quantum error correction

Weizhou Cai, Xianghao Mu, Weiting Wang, Jie Zhou, Yuwei Ma, Xiaoxuan Pan, Ziyue Hua, X. Liu, Guangming Xue, Haifeng Yu, Haiyan Wang, Yipu Song, Chang‐Ling Zou, Luyan Sun

Published Mar 6, 2024• 29 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/s41567-024-02446-8

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Abstract Quantum entanglement is a fundamental resource for quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum cryptography. In realistic quantum channels, however, entanglement is highly susceptible to noise and decoherence. Entanglement purification(EP) and quantum error correction (QEC) offer distinct approaches to protecting entanglement against noisy quantum channels. In this work, we propose a hybrid scheme that integrates these two approaches to enhance the protection of entanglement between logical qubits. The scheme exploits both the error-correcting capability of encoded logical qubits and the distillation power of entanglement purification, assuming recovery to the logical codespace after each QEC cycle. This combined approach enables improved entanglement preservation under noisy conditions. The resulting robust logical entanglement is well-suited for applications in quantum communication and quantum cryptography and offers a promising route toward more reliable distributed quantum information processing.
Protecting quantum information through quantum error correction (QEC) is a cornerstone of future fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, current QEC-protected logical qubits have only achieved coherence times about twice those of their best physical constituents. Here, we show that the primary barrier to higher QEC gains is ancilla-induced operational errors rather than intrinsic cavity coherence. To overcome this bottleneck, we introduce error-detectable universal control of bosonic modes, wherein ancilla relaxation events are detected and the corresponding trajectories discarded, thereby suppressing operational errors on logical qubits. For binomial codes, we demonstrate universal gates with fidelities exceeding 99.6%99.6\%99.6% and QEC gains of 8.33×8.33\times8.33× beyond break-even. Our results establish that gains beyond 10×10\times10× are achievable with state-of-the-art devices, establishing a path toward fault-tolerant bosonic quantum computing.
Canonical discrete quantum error correction (DQEC) schemes use projective von Neumann measurements on stabilizers to discretize the error syndromes into a finite set, and fast unitary gates are applied to recover the corrupted information. Quantum error correction (QEC) based on continuous measurement, known as continuous quantum error correction (CQEC), in principle, can be executed faster than DQEC and can also be resource efficient. However, CQEC requires meticulous filtering of noisy continuous measurement data to reliably extract error syndromes on the basis of which errors could be detected. In this paper, we show that by constructing a measurement-based estimator (MBE) of the logical qubit to be protected, which is driven by the noisy continuous measurement currents of the stabilizers, it is possible to accurately track the errors occurring on the physical qubits in real time. We use this MBE to develop a continuous quantum error correction (MBE-CQEC) scheme that can protect the logical qubit to a high degree, surpassing the performance of DQEC, and also allows QEC to be conducted either immediately or in delayed time with instantaneous feedbacks.