Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2301.02609 · IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC)

Hybrid Quantum-Classical Autoencoders for End-to-End Radio Communication

Zsolt Tabi, Bence Bakó, Dániel Nagy, Péter Vaderna, Zsófia Kallus, Péter Hága, Zoltán Zimborás

Published Dec 1, 2022• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum neural networks are emerging as poten-tial candidates to leverage noisy quantum processing units for applications. Here we introduce hybrid quantum-classical au-to encoders for end-to-end radio communication. In the physical layer of classical wireless systems, we study the performance of simulated architectures for standard encoded radio signals over a noisy channel. We implement a hybrid model, where a quantum decoder in the receiver works with a classical encoder in the transmitter part. Besides learning a latent space representation of the input symbols with good robustness against signal degradation, a generalized data re-uploading scheme for the qubit-based circuits allows to meet inference-time constraints of the application.

DOI
10.1109/sec54971.2022.00071

Related papers

Quantum-Classical Autoencoder Architectures for End-to-End Radio Communication

Zsolt Tabi, Bence Bakó, Dániel Nagy +4 more

End-to-end radio communication needs to be optimized against noisy channel conditions and other distortion effects. This paper presents a novel concept, a set of hybrid quantum-classical autoencoder architectures with a comprehensive feasibility study using standard encoded radio signals, to evaluate quantum neural network design requirements for the radio context. The hybrid scenarios include single-sided, i.e., quantum encoder (transmitter) or quantum decoder (receiver), as well as fully quantum radio channel autoencoder (transmitter-receiver) systems. We provide detailed formulas for each scenario and validate our model through an extensive set of simulations. Our results demonstrate model robustness and adaptability. Supporting experiments are conducted utilizing 4 and 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation schemes and we expect that the model is adaptable to more general encoding schemes. We explore model performance against both additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh fading models. Our numerical findings highlight the importance of designing efficient quantum neural network architectures for meeting application performance constraints – including data re-uploading methods, encoding schemes, and core layer structures.

arXiv:2405.18105•IEEE Access•Jan 1, 2025•3 citations

The Role of Quantum in Hybrid Quantum-Classical Neural Networks: An Empirical Assessment

Dominik Freinberger, Philipp Moser

Quantum machine learning has emerged as a promising application domain for near-term quantum hardware, particularly through hybrid quantum-classical models that leverage both classical and quantum processing. Although numerous hybrid architectures have been proposed and demonstrated successfully on benchmark tasks, a significant open question remains regarding the specific contribution of quantum components to the overall performance of these models. In this work, we aim to shed light on the impact of quantum processing within hybrid quantum-classical neural network architectures through a rigorous statistical study under ideal, noise-free simulation. We systematically assess a selection of commonly used HQNN architectures on three binary medical classification tasks covering medical signal data as well as planar and volumetric images. In doing so, we examine the influence attributable to classical and quantum aspects such as encoding schemes, entanglement, and circuit size. Within this experimental setting, we find that in best-case scenarios, hybrid models show performance comparable to their classical counterparts. However, in most cases, performance metrics deteriorate when the investigated QNN components replace matched classical processing layers. Our multi-modal analysis provides empirical insights into the contributions of the tested quantum components and advocates for cautious claims and design choices for hybrid models in near-term applications.

quant-pharXiv:2601.04732•Jan 9, 2026•1 citation

A Hybrid Quantum-Classical Autoencoder Framework for End-to-End Communication Systems

B.L. Zhang, Gan Zheng, Nguyễn Văn Huynh

This letter investigates the application of quantum machine learning to End-to-End (E2E) communication systems in wireless fading scenarios. We introduce a novel hybrid quantum-classical autoencoder architecture that combines parameterized quantum circuits with classical deep neural networks (DNNs). Specifically, we propose a hybrid quantum-classical autoencoder (QAE) framework to optimize the E2E communication system. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed hybrid system, and reveal that it is the first work that can achieve comparable block error rate (BLER) performance to classical DNN-based and conventional channel coding schemes, while significantly reducing the number of trainable parameters. Additionally, the proposed QAE exhibits steady and superior BLER convergence over the classical autoencoder baseline.

arXiv:2412.20241•IEEE Wireless Communications Letters•Dec 31, 2024•6 citations

End-to-End Neural and Quantum Transcoding for Compressed Latent Representation under Channel Noise

Hyunho Cha, Wonjung Kim, Jungwoo Lee

Recent advancements in quantum computing highlight the need for efficient encoding of classical data into quantum states to ensure robust quantum information processing. Traditional encoding schemes often impose impractical requirements about the knowledge of quantum states and lack adaptability to noisy quantum channels and broader tasks. To address these limitations, we propose a novel end-to-end learnable quantum transcoding scheme explicitly optimized for compactness and robustness in noisy quantum communication scenarios. Our approach integrates neural network-based data compression with Cholesky decomposition-based quantum encoding and bypasses full density matrix reconstruction. Through normalized quantum observables, our method enables efficient tomography and achieves high reconstruction and classification performance even under extreme noise conditions.

quant-pharXiv:2605.10963•Globecom•May 8, 2026•0 citations

End-to-End Quantum Semantic Communication with Variational Quantum Neural Networks

Melek Krichen, Nikhitha Nunavath, Riccardo Bassoli +2 more

Quantum-enabled learning is increasingly being explored for future communication and networking applications, including distributed sensing, Internet of Things (IoT), and distributed quantum computing. However, existing approaches often face challenges in scalable inference and efficient information processing. To address these limitations, this paper integrates quantum machine learning (QML) with quantum semantic communication (QSemCom) in an end-to-end learning framework. A classical dataset is first mapped to a low-dimensional feature representation and encoded by a variational quantum transmitter that learns task-relevant semantic features. The resulting features are transmitted through a quantum channel and processed by a receiver to perform a downstream classification task. The proposed framework is evaluated using the MNIST dataset and variational quantum neural networks (QNNs) under ideal and noisy quantum-channel conditions. First, a baseline model is trained over an ideal channel and evaluated under increasing depolarizing noise without retraining. A second set of experiments introduces a trainable receiver QNN and jointly optimizes the transmitter and receiver through end-to-end (E2E) training. The results demonstrate that jointly trained quantum semantic transceivers can adapt the transmitted representation to channel impairments and preserve task-relevant information, highlighting the potential of receiver-aware QML for robust inference in quantum semantic communication.

quant-pharXiv:2609.25044•Sep 1, 2026•0 citations

Hybrid quantum-classical neural networks for low earth orbit satellite communications in 6G

Ki-Chang Tong, Yeong-Gyun Jung, Hyeon-Su Yu +4 more

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communications are pivotal for next-generation 6G wireless systems but suffer from severe channel impairments, including large Doppler shifts and time-varying Shadowed-Rician fading. These dynamic conditions, coupled with channel aging, significantly degrade the reliability of classical receivers. While deep learning-based solutions offer improved performance, their high computational complexity poses a challenge for resource-constrained satellite payloads. This paper proposes a parameter-efficient hybrid quantum-classical receiver based on a Quantum Convolutional Neural Network. In the remainder of this paper, the receiver is referred to as the Hybrid QCNN. The model is enhanced with an iterative data re-uploading mechanism to maximize the expressivity of limited qubits. To improve optimization stability in hybrid quantum-classical training, this paper introduces a Dual Learning Rate optimization strategy. In this setting, gradient magnitudes can be small and can differ across parameter groups, so the strategy assigns distinct learning rates to the quantum and classical parameters. This paper validates the proposed model using a high-fidelity channel simulator that integrates the 3GPP TR 38.811 elevation-dependent K-factor model with Loo's Shadowed-Rician fading model, dynamically capturing realistic fading characteristics across different elevation angles. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Hybrid QCNN achieves bit error rate performance that is nearly identical to that of the classical CNN baseline. The performance gap remains below 1% across varying channel conditions, while the number of parameters is reduced by approximately 89%. Furthermore, in an ablation study, the iterative re-processing mechanism achieves up to a 26.9% relative BER reduction at an SNR of 10 dB compared with a standard quantum pooling baseline on the considered test set. This result indicates improved feature preservation during quantum pooling.

Scientific Reports•Jul 21, 2026•0 citations
Quantum neural networks are emerging as poten-tial candidates to leverage noisy quantum processing units for applications. Here we introduce hybrid quantum-classical au-to encoders for end-to-end radio communication. In the physical layer of classical wireless systems, we study the performance of simulated architectures for standard encoded radio signals over a noisy channel. We implement a hybrid model, where a quantum decoder in the receiver works with a classical encoder in the transmitter part. Besides learning a latent space representation of the input symbols with good robustness against signal degradation, a generalized data re-uploading scheme for the qubit-based circuits allows to meet inference-time constraints of the application.
End-to-end radio communication needs to be optimized against noisy channel conditions and other distortion effects. This paper presents a novel concept, a set of hybrid quantum-classical autoencoder architectures with a comprehensive feasibility study using standard encoded radio signals, to evaluate quantum neural network design requirements for the radio context. The hybrid scenarios include single-sided, i.e., quantum encoder (transmitter) or quantum decoder (receiver), as well as fully quantum radio channel autoencoder (transmitter-receiver) systems. We provide detailed formulas for each scenario and validate our model through an extensive set of simulations. Our results demonstrate model robustness and adaptability. Supporting experiments are conducted utilizing 4 and 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation schemes and we expect that the model is adaptable to more general encoding schemes. We explore model performance against both additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh fading models. Our numerical findings highlight the importance of designing efficient quantum neural network architectures for meeting application performance constraints – including data re-uploading methods, encoding schemes, and core layer structures.
Quantum machine learning has emerged as a promising application domain for near-term quantum hardware, particularly through hybrid quantum-classical models that leverage both classical and quantum processing. Although numerous hybrid architectures have been proposed and demonstrated successfully on benchmark tasks, a significant open question remains regarding the specific contribution of quantum components to the overall performance of these models. In this work, we aim to shed light on the impact of quantum processing within hybrid quantum-classical neural network architectures through a rigorous statistical study under ideal, noise-free simulation. We systematically assess a selection of commonly used HQNN architectures on three binary medical classification tasks covering medical signal data as well as planar and volumetric images. In doing so, we examine the influence attributable to classical and quantum aspects such as encoding schemes, entanglement, and circuit size. Within this experimental setting, we find that in best-case scenarios, hybrid models show performance comparable to their classical counterparts. However, in most cases, performance metrics deteriorate when the investigated QNN components replace matched classical processing layers. Our multi-modal analysis provides empirical insights into the contributions of the tested quantum components and advocates for cautious claims and design choices for hybrid models in near-term applications.
This letter investigates the application of quantum machine learning to End-to-End (E2E) communication systems in wireless fading scenarios. We introduce a novel hybrid quantum-classical autoencoder architecture that combines parameterized quantum circuits with classical deep neural networks (DNNs). Specifically, we propose a hybrid quantum-classical autoencoder (QAE) framework to optimize the E2E communication system. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed hybrid system, and reveal that it is the first work that can achieve comparable block error rate (BLER) performance to classical DNN-based and conventional channel coding schemes, while significantly reducing the number of trainable parameters. Additionally, the proposed QAE exhibits steady and superior BLER convergence over the classical autoencoder baseline.
Recent advancements in quantum computing highlight the need for efficient encoding of classical data into quantum states to ensure robust quantum information processing. Traditional encoding schemes often impose impractical requirements about the knowledge of quantum states and lack adaptability to noisy quantum channels and broader tasks. To address these limitations, we propose a novel end-to-end learnable quantum transcoding scheme explicitly optimized for compactness and robustness in noisy quantum communication scenarios. Our approach integrates neural network-based data compression with Cholesky decomposition-based quantum encoding and bypasses full density matrix reconstruction. Through normalized quantum observables, our method enables efficient tomography and achieves high reconstruction and classification performance even under extreme noise conditions.
Quantum-enabled learning is increasingly being explored for future communication and networking applications, including distributed sensing, Internet of Things (IoT), and distributed quantum computing. However, existing approaches often face challenges in scalable inference and efficient information processing. To address these limitations, this paper integrates quantum machine learning (QML) with quantum semantic communication (QSemCom) in an end-to-end learning framework. A classical dataset is first mapped to a low-dimensional feature representation and encoded by a variational quantum transmitter that learns task-relevant semantic features. The resulting features are transmitted through a quantum channel and processed by a receiver to perform a downstream classification task. The proposed framework is evaluated using the MNIST dataset and variational quantum neural networks (QNNs) under ideal and noisy quantum-channel conditions. First, a baseline model is trained over an ideal channel and evaluated under increasing depolarizing noise without retraining. A second set of experiments introduces a trainable receiver QNN and jointly optimizes the transmitter and receiver through end-to-end (E2E) training. The results demonstrate that jointly trained quantum semantic transceivers can adapt the transmitted representation to channel impairments and preserve task-relevant information, highlighting the potential of receiver-aware QML for robust inference in quantum semantic communication.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communications are pivotal for next-generation 6G wireless systems but suffer from severe channel impairments, including large Doppler shifts and time-varying Shadowed-Rician fading. These dynamic conditions, coupled with channel aging, significantly degrade the reliability of classical receivers. While deep learning-based solutions offer improved performance, their high computational complexity poses a challenge for resource-constrained satellite payloads. This paper proposes a parameter-efficient hybrid quantum-classical receiver based on a Quantum Convolutional Neural Network. In the remainder of this paper, the receiver is referred to as the Hybrid QCNN. The model is enhanced with an iterative data re-uploading mechanism to maximize the expressivity of limited qubits. To improve optimization stability in hybrid quantum-classical training, this paper introduces a Dual Learning Rate optimization strategy. In this setting, gradient magnitudes can be small and can differ across parameter groups, so the strategy assigns distinct learning rates to the quantum and classical parameters. This paper validates the proposed model using a high-fidelity channel simulator that integrates the 3GPP TR 38.811 elevation-dependent K-factor model with Loo's Shadowed-Rician fading model, dynamically capturing realistic fading characteristics across different elevation angles. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Hybrid QCNN achieves bit error rate performance that is nearly identical to that of the classical CNN baseline. The performance gap remains below 1% across varying channel conditions, while the number of parameters is reduced by approximately 89%. Furthermore, in an ablation study, the iterative re-processing mechanism achieves up to a 26.9% relative BER reduction at an SNR of 10 dB compared with a standard quantum pooling baseline on the considered test set. This result indicates improved feature preservation during quantum pooling.