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arXiv:2211.14289

Coherent Dynamics of the Swing-Up Excitation Technique

Katarina Boos, Friedrich Sbresny, Sang Kyu Kim, Malte Kremser, Hubert Riedl, Frederik W. Bopp, William Rauhaus, Bianca Scaparra, Klaus D. Jöns, Jonathan James Finley, Kai Müller, Lukas Hanschke

Published Nov 25, 2022• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Developing coherent excitation methods for quantum emitters which enable high brightness, good single-photon purity and high indistinguishability of the emitted photons has been a key challenge in the past years. While many methods have been proposed and explored, they all have specific advantages and disadvantages. In this letter, we investigate the dynamics of the recent swing-up scheme as an excitation method for a two-level system and its performance in single-photon generation. By applying two far red-detuned laser pulses, the two-level system can be prepared in the excited state with near-unity fidelity. We demonstrate the successful functionality and the coherent character of this technique using semiconductor quantum dots. Moreover, we explore the multi-dimensional parameter space of the two laser pulses to study the impact on the excitation fidelity. Finally, we investigate the performance of the scheme as an excitation method for generation of high-quality single photons. We find that the swing-up scheme itself works well and exhibits nearly perfect single-photon purity, while the observed indistinguishability in our sample is limited by the influence of the inevitable high excitation powers on the semiconductor environment of the quantum dot.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2211.14289

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Abstract Developing coherent excitation methods for quantum emitters ensuring high brightness, optimal single‐photon purity and indistinguishability of the emitted photons has been a key challenge in the past years. While various methods have been proposed and explored, they all have specific advantages and disadvantages. This study investigates the dynamics of the recent swing‐up scheme as an excitation method for a two‐level system and its performance in single‐photon generation. By applying two far red‐detuned laser pulses, the two‐level system can be prepared in the excited state with near‐unity fidelity. The successful operation and coherent character of this technique are demonstrated using a semiconductor quantum dot (QD). Moreover, the multi‐dimensional parameter space of the two laser pulses is explored to analyze its impact on excitation fidelity. Finally, the performance of the scheme as an excitation method for generating high‐quality single photons is analyzed. The swing‐up scheme itself proves effective, exhibiting nearly perfect single‐photon purity, while the observed indistinguishability in the studied sample is limited by the influence of the inevitable high excitation powers on the semiconductor environment of the quantum dot.
In the SUPER scheme (Swing-UP of the quantum EmitteR population), excitation of a quantum emitter is achieved with two off-resonant, red-detuned laser pulses. This allows the generation of high-quality single photons without the need of complex laser stray light suppression or careful spectral filtering. In the present work, we extend this promising method to quantum emitters, specifically semiconductor quantum dots, inside a resonant optical cavity. A significant advantage of the SUPER scheme is identified in that it eliminates re-excitation of the quantum emitter by suppressing photon emission during the excitation cycle. This, in turn, leads to almost ideal single-photon purity, overcoming a major factor typically limiting the quality of photons generated with quantum emitters in high-quality cavities. We further find that for cavity-mediated biexciton emission of degenerate photon pairs, the SUPER scheme leads to near-perfect biexciton initialization with very high values of polarization entanglement of emitted photon pairs. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
The quest for the perfect single-photon source includes finding the optimal protocol for exciting the quantum emitter. Coherent optical excitation was, up until now, achieved by tuning the laser pulses to the transition frequency of the emitter, either directly or in average. Recently, it was theoretically discovered that an excitation with two red-detuned pulses is also possible where neither of which would yield a significant upper-level population individually. We show that the so-called swing-up of quantum emitter population (SUPER) scheme can be implemented experimentally with similar properties to existing schemes by precise amplitude shaping of a broadband pulse. Because of its truly off-resonant nature, this scheme has the prospect of powering high-purity photon sources with superior photon count rate.
The swing-up of quantum emitter population (SUPER) scheme allows to populate the excited state of a quantum emitter with near-unity fidelity using two red-detuned laser pulses. Its off-resonant, yet fully coherent nature has attracted significant interest in quantum photonics as a valuable tool for preparing single-photon sources in their excited state on demand, while simultaneously ensuring straightforward spectral filtering of the laser. However, the physical understanding of this mechanism in terms of energy exchange between the electromagnetic field and the emitter is still lacking. Here, we present a fully quantized model of the swing-up excitation and demonstrate that it is in fact a multi-photon process, where one of the modes loses two or more photons while the other gains at least one. Our findings provide an unexpected physical interpretation of the SUPER scheme and unveil a new non-linear interaction between single emitters and multiple field modes.
The swing-up of quantum emitter population (SUPER) scheme allows to populate the excited state of a quantum emitter with near-unity fidelity using two red-detuned laser pulses. Its off-resonant yet fully coherent nature has attracted significant interest in quantum photonics as a valuable tool for preparing single-photon sources in their excited state on demand while simultaneously ensuring straightforward spectral filtering of the laser. However, the physical understanding of this mechanism in terms of energy exchange between the electromagnetic field and the emitter is still lacking. Here, we present a fully quantized model of the swing-up excitation and demonstrate that it is in fact a multi-photon process, where one of the modes loses two or more photons while the other gains at least one. Our findings provide an unexpected physical interpretation of the SUPER scheme and unveil a new non-linear interaction between single emitters and multiple field modes.