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arXiv:2211.04504

All rf-based tuning algorithm for quantum devices using machine learning

Barnaby van Straaten, Federico Fedele, Florian Vigneau, Joseph Hickie, Daniel Jirovec, Andrea Ballabio, Daniel Chrastina, Giovanni Isella, Georgios Katsaros, Natalia Ares

Published Nov 8, 2022• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Radio-frequency measurements could satisfy DiVincenzo's readout criterion in future large-scale solid-state quantum processors, as they allow for high bandwidths and frequency multiplexing. However, the scalability potential of this readout technique can only be leveraged if quantum device tuning is performed using exclusively radio-frequency measurements i.e. without resorting to current measurements. We demonstrate an algorithm that automatically tunes double quantum dots using only radio-frequency reflectometry. Exploiting the high bandwidth of radio-frequency measurements, the tuning was completed within a few minutes without prior knowledge about the device architecture. Our results show that it is possible to eliminate the need for transport measurements for quantum dot tuning, paving the way for more scalable device architectures.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2211.04504

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Reaching New Heights Together!Congratulations to the group of Natalia Ares at the University of Oxford and their collaborators on demonstrating an all-RF reflectometry quantum device tuning using a machine learning algorithm.The algorithm can tune a double quantum dot in just a few minutes without prior knowledge about the device configuration.This achievement paves the way to more scalable quantum device architectures.We are excited to help the whole team drive the field forward with innovative approaches to quantum measurements using Zurich Instruments lock-in amplifiers.

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Reaching New Heights Together!Congratulations to the group of Natalia Ares at the University of Oxford and their collaborators on demonstrating an all-RF reflectometry quantum device tuning using a machine learning algorithm.The algorithm can tune a double quantum dot in just a few minutes without prior knowledge about the device configuration.This achievement paves the way to more scalable quantum device architectures.We are excited to help the whole team drive the field forward with innovative approaches to quantum measurements using Zurich Instruments lock-in amplifiers.

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Radio-frequency measurements could satisfy DiVincenzo's readout criterion in future large-scale solid-state quantum processors, as they allow for high bandwidths and frequency multiplexing. However, the scalability potential of this readout technique can only be leveraged if quantum device tuning is performed using exclusively radio-frequency measurements i.e. without resorting to current measurements. We demonstrate an algorithm that automatically tunes double quantum dots using only radio-frequency reflectometry. Exploiting the high bandwidth of radio-frequency measurements, the tuning was completed within a few minutes without prior knowledge about the device architecture. Our results show that it is possible to eliminate the need for transport measurements for quantum dot tuning, paving the way for more scalable device architectures.
Abstract Radio-frequency measurements could satisfy DiVincenzo's readout criterion in future large-scale solid-state quantum processors, as they allow for high bandwidths and frequency multiplexing. However, the scalability potential of this readout technique can only be leveraged if quantum device tuning is performed using exclusively radio-frequency measurements, i.e. without resorting to current measurements. By exploiting their bandwidth and impedance matching, we demonstrate an algorithm that automatically tunes double quantum dots with only radio-frequency measurements. The tuning was completed within a few minutes without prior knowledge about the device architecture. Our results show that it is possible to eliminate the need for transport measurements for quantum dot tuning, paving the way for more scalable device architectures.
Radio-frequency measurements could satisfy DiVincenzo’s readout criterion in future large-scale solid-state quantum processors, as they allow for high bandwidths and frequency multiplexing. However, the scalability potential of this readout technique can only be leveraged if quantum device tuning is performed using exclusively radio-frequency measurements, that is, without resorting to current measurements. We demonstrate an algorithm that performs automatic coarse tuning of double quantum dots with only radio-frequency measurements by exploiting their bandwidth and impedance matching. The tuning was completed within a few minutes with minimal prior knowledge about the device. Our results show that it is possible to eliminate the need for transport measurements for quantum-dot tuning, paving the way for more scalable device architectures.
Reaching New Heights Together!Congratulations to the group of Natalia Ares at the University of Oxford and their collaborators on demonstrating an all-RF reflectometry quantum device tuning using a machine learning algorithm.The algorithm can tune a double quantum dot in just a few minutes without prior knowledge about the device configuration.This achievement paves the way to more scalable quantum device architectures.We are excited to help the whole team drive the field forward with innovative approaches to quantum measurements using Zurich Instruments lock-in amplifiers.
Spins in semiconductor quantum dots offer a scalable approach to quantum computing; however, precise control and efficient readout of large quantum dot arrays remain challenging, mainly due to the hyperdimensional voltage space required for tuning multiple gates per dot. To automate this process, large datasets are required for testing and training autotuning algorithms. To address the demand for such large datasets, we introduce RF-Squad, a physics-based simulator designed to realistically replicate radiofrequency (RF) reflectometry measurements of quantum dot arrays, with the ability to go beyond the Constant Interaction Model (CIM) and simulate physical phenomena such as tunnel coupling, tunnel rates, and quantum confinement. Implemented in JAX, an accelerated linear algebra library, RF-Squad achieves high computational speed, enabling the simulation of a 100x100 pixel charge stability diagram of a double quantum dot (DQD) in 52.1 $\pm$0.2 milliseconds at the CIM level. Using optimization algorithms, combined with it's layered architecture, RF-Squad allows users to balance physical accuracy with computational speed, scaling from simple to highly detailed models.
Reaching New Heights Together!Congratulations to the group of Natalia Ares at the University of Oxford and their collaborators on demonstrating an all-RF reflectometry quantum device tuning using a machine learning algorithm.The algorithm can tune a double quantum dot in just a few minutes without prior knowledge about the device configuration.This achievement paves the way to more scalable quantum device architectures.We are excited to help the whole team drive the field forward with innovative approaches to quantum measurements using Zurich Instruments lock-in amplifiers.
Semiconducting spin quantum devices present a promising avenue for advancing noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers. However, the complexities involved in their tuning and characterisation currently hinder their scaling. This thesis addresses these challenges by harnessing machine-learning-based approaches. Firstly, I used Gaussian processes to develop a fully automatic tuning algorithm that exclusively used radio-frequency measurements taken on millisecond timescales. Secondly, I employed Bayesian optimisation for charge sensor optimisation and automation. Both algorithms were deployed on depletion mode hole-based Ge/SiGe devices; however, they could easily be applied to other architectures. These automated approaches considerably outperformed manual tuning and represent vital building blocks for algorithms to tune larger quantum dot arrays. Next, I developed algorithms to find the ground state charge configuration in the constant capacitance model, which was orders of magnitude faster than its predecessors, permitting the simulation of much larger arrays of sixteen dots. This open-source package can be used to gain insights into the charge stability diagrams of large quantum dot arrays and facilitates further tuning algorithm development. Lastly, I present a novel application of hidden Markov models to identify and separate the state preparation, measurement and spin-flip errors presented by a pair of hot Loss Divincenzo qubits in a Si-MOS device. This approach not only unravels these error sources but also sheds light on their relationship with various parameters, such as electron temperature, thus contributing a vital understanding to the field of quantum computing.