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arXiv:2211.04038 · Optics Express

Atomic Ramsey interferometry with S- and D-band in a triangular optical lattice

Xiangyu Dong, Chengyang Wu, Zhongcheng Yu, Jinyuan Tian, Zhongkai Wang, Xuzong Chen, Shengjie Jin, Xiaoji Zhou

Published Oct 17, 2022• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Ramsey interferometers have wide applications in science and engineering. Compared with the traditional interferometer based on internal states, the interferometer with external quantum states has advantages in some applications for quantum simulation and precision measurement. Here, we develop a Ramsey interferometry with Bloch states in S- and D-band of a triangular optical lattice for the first time. The key to realizing this interferometer in two-dimensionally coupled lattice is that we use the shortcut method to construct π/2 pulse. We observe clear Ramsey fringes and analyze the decoherence mechanism of fringes. Further, we design an echo π pulse between S- and D-band, which significantly improves the coherence time. This Ramsey interferometer in the dimensionally coupled lattice has potential applications in the quantum simulations of topological physics, frustrated effects, and motional qubits manipulation.

DOI
10.1364/oe.474257

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Abstract Ramsey interferometers using internal electronic or nuclear states find wide applications in science and engineering. We develop a matter wave Ramsey interferometer for trapped motional quantum states exploiting the s- and d-bands of an optical lattice and study it both experimentally and theoretically, identifying the different de-phasing and de-coherence mechanisms. Implementing a band echo technique, employing repeated π-pulses we suppress the de-phasing evolution and significantly increase the coherence time of the trapped state interferometer by one order of magnitude. Thermal fluctuations are the main mechanism for the remaining decay of the contrast. Our demonstration of an echo-Ramsey interferometer with trapped quantum states in an optical lattice has potential application in the study of quantum many-body lattice dynamics, and motional qubits manipulation.
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Ultra-cold atoms provide ideal platforms for interferometry. The macroscopic matter-wave property of ultra-cold atoms leads to large coherent length and long coherent time, which enable high accuracy and sensitivity to measurement. Here, we review our efforts to improve the performance of the interferometer. We demonstrate a shortcut method for manipulating ultra-cold atoms in an optical lattice. Compared with traditional ones, this shortcut method can reduce the manipulation time by up to three orders of magnitude. We construct a matter-wave Ramsey interferometer for trapped motional quantum states and significantly increase its coherence time by one order of magnitude with an echo technique based on this method. Efforts have also been made to enhance the resolution by multimode scheme. Application of a noise-resilient multi-component interferometer shows that increasing the number of paths could sharpen the peaks in the time-domain interference fringes, which leads to a resolution nearly twice compared with that of a conventional double-path two-mode interferometer. With the shortcut method mentioned above, improvement of the momentum resolution could also be fulfilled, which leads to atomic momentum patterns less than 0.6 ℏkL . To identify and remove systematic noises, we introduce the methods based on the principal component analysis (PCA) that reduce the noise in detection close to the 1 / 2 of the photon-shot noise and separate and identify or even eliminate noises. Furthermore, we give a proposal to measure precisely the local gravity acceleration within a few centimeters based on our study of ultracold atoms in precision measurements.
Ramsey interferometry as one of the most important high-precision measurement methods has prospects for inferring various properties of ultracold atoms and molecules. We investigate the multi-pulse Ramsey interferometry of a double-well Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in an optical cavity. Compared with the standard two-pulse Ramsey scheme, our multi-pulse Ramsey proposal greatly relaxes the requirements for both intensity and width of the pulses, allowing the interferometry to be achieved using weak and narrow pulses. When the pumping pulses characterizing the coupling between the cavity field and the atomic BEC are applied to the zero background field, we demonstrate the atomic Ramsey fringes in the time domain for different pulse numbers and different pulse widths. We find that although the multi-pulse Ramsey fringes are no longer sensitive to cavity-pump detuning, they can still record the information of the interaction between coherent atoms. We obtain the fundamental frequency of the multi-pulse Ramsey fringes analytically and find that it is proportional to the number of pulses. Particularly, it is shown that the minimum of the fundamental frequency is exactly the critical point of the phase transition of the system. For a nonzero background field, the results indicate that a nondestructive observation of atomic Ramsey fringes by cavity transmission spectroscopy is feasible. Our findings provide insights for improving the accuracy of Ramsey interferometry and for using interferometry to observe phase transitions.