The Hugenholtz-Pines (HP) theorem is derived for Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with internal degrees of freedom. The low-energy Ward-Takahashi identity is provided in the system with the linear and quadratic symmetry breaking terms. This identity serves to organize the HP theorem for multicomponent BECs, such as the binary BEC as well as the spin- $f$ spinor BEC in the presence of a magnetic field with broken $\mathrm{U}(1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SO}(3)$ symmetry. The experimental method based on the Stern-Gerlach experiment is proposed for studying the Ward-Takahashi identity.The Hugenholtz-Pines (HP) theorem is derived for Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with internal degrees of freedom. The low-energy Ward-Takahashi identity is provided in the system with the linear and quadratic symmetry breaking terms. This identity serves to organize the HP theorem for multicomponent BECs, such as the binary BEC as well as the spin-$f$ spinor BEC in the presence of a magnetic field with broken $\mathrm{U}(1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SO}(3)$ symmetry. The experimental method based on the Stern-Gerlach experiment is proposed for studying the Ward-Takahashi identity.

arXiv:1709.06319Physical Review AMay 6, 202110 citations

Hugenholtz-Pines theorem with broken $U(1) \times SO(N)$ or $U(1) \times SU(N)$ symmetryHugenholtz-Pines theorem with broken $U(1) \times SO(N)$ or $U(1) \times SU(N)$ symmetry

Shohei Watabe

The Hugenholtz-Pines (HP) theorem is derived for Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with internal degrees of freedom. The low-energy Ward-Takahashi identity is provided in the system with the linear and quadratic symmetry breaking terms. This identity serves to organize the HP theorem for multicomponent BECs, such as the binary BEC as well as the spin- $f$ spinor BEC in the presence of a magnetic field with broken U $(1)$ $\times$ SO $(3)$ symmetry. The experimental method based on the Stern-Gerlach experiment is proposed for studying the Ward-Takahashi identity.The Hugenholtz-Pines (HP) theorem is derived for Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with internal degrees of freedom. The low-energy Ward-Takahashi identity is provided in the system with the linear and quadratic symmetry breaking terms. This identity serves to organize the HP theorem for multicomponent BECs, such as the binary BEC as well as the spin-$f$ spinor BEC in the presence of a magnetic field with broken U$(1)$$\times$SO$(3)$ symmetry. The experimental method based on the Stern-Gerlach experiment is proposed for studying the Ward-Takahashi identity.

Sep 19, 20170 citations

On the low-temperature behavior of condensed Bose systems

K. W. Kehr

Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and NucleiJun 1, 196922 citations

Phase transition in a Rabi coupled two-component Bose–Einstein condensate

Amandine Aftalion, Christos Sourdis

arXiv:1812.00618Nonlinear AnalysisApr 12, 20192 citations

f

spinor BEC in the presence of a magnetic field with broken $\mathrm{U}(1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SO}(3)$ symmetry. The experimental method based on the Stern-Gerlach experiment is proposed for studying the Ward-Takahashi identity.

Hugenholtz-Pines theorem with broken

U(1) \times SO(N)

U(1) \times SU(N)

symmetry

f

spinor BEC in the presence of a magnetic field with broken U

(1)

\times

(3)

symmetry. The experimental method based on the Stern-Gerlach experiment is proposed for studying the Ward-Takahashi identity.