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arXiv:2210.11326 · Mathematics

A Fully Pseudo-Bosonic Swanson Model

Fabio Bagarello

Published Oct 25, 2022• 2 citations
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Abstract

We consider a fully pseudo-bosonic Swanson model and we show how its Hamiltonian H can be diagonalized. We also deduce the eigensystem of H†, using the general framework and results deduced in the context of pseudo-bosons. We also construct, using different approaches, the bi-coherent states for the model, study some of their properties, and compare the various constructions.

DOI
10.3390/math10213954

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We consider a fully pseudo-bosonic Swanson model and we show how its Hamiltonian H can be diagonalized. We also deduce the eigensystem of H†, using the general framework and results deduced in the context of pseudo-bosons. We also construct, using different approaches, the bi-coherent states for the model, study some of their properties, and compare the various constructions.
In order to construct time-dependent pseudo-bosonic coherent states, first, we extend the non-Hermitian integrals of motion method to cases where the quantum systems are described by time-dependent non-Hermitian Hamiltonians; second, we introduce a pseudo-bosonic annihilation operator defined as a time-dependent non-Hermitian linear invariant. The pseudo-bosons operators are a pseudo-Hermitian extension of usual boson operators. In fact, they are obtained from the modification of usual boson commutation relations where the annihilation and creation operators are related to their adjoint operators via the bounded Hermitian invertible operator or metric operator. Thus, the pseudo-bosonic coherent states are just obtained as eigenstates of the pseudo-bosonic annihilation operator. As an illustration, we study the time-dependent non-Hermitian Swanson Hamiltonian and we compare the obtained results with those in the literature (Swanson model but time-independent).
Abstract We deduce the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of a parameter-dependent Hamiltonian H θ which is closely related to the Swanson Hamiltonian, and we construct bi-coherent states for it. After that, we show how and in which sense the eigensystem of the Hamiltonian H of the inverted quantum harmonic oscillator can be deduced from that of H θ . We show that there is no need to introduce a different scalar product using some ad hoc metric operator, as suggested by other authors. Indeed we prove that a distributional approach is sufficient to deal with the Hamiltonian H of the inverted oscillator.
Coherent states (CS) for non-Hermitian systems are introduced as eigenstates of pseudo-Hermitian boson annihilation operators. The set of these CS includes two subsets which form bi-normalized and bi-overcomplete system of states. The subsets consist of eigenstates of two complementary lowering pseudo-Hermitian boson operators. Explicit constructions are provided on the example of one-parameter family of pseudo-boson ladder operators. The wave functions of the eigenstates of the two complementary number operators, which form a bi-orthonormal system of Fock states, are found to be proportional to new polynomials, that are bi-orthogonal and can be regarded as a generalization of standard Hermite polynomials.
Coherent states (CS) for non-Hermitian systems are introduced as eigenstates of pseudo-Hermitian boson annihilation operators. The set of these CS includes two subsets which form bi-normalized and bi-overcomplete system of states. The subsets consist of eigenstates of two complementary lowering pseudo-Hermitian boson operators. Explicit constructions are provided on the example of one-parameter family of pseudo-boson ladder operators. The wave functions of the eigenstates of the two complementary number operators, which form a bi-orthonormal system of Fock states, are found to be proportional to new polynomials, that are bi-orthogonal and can be regarded as a generalization of standard Hermite polynomials.
In the context of two particularly interesting non-Hermitian models in quantum mechanics we explore the relationship between the original Hamiltonian H and its Hermitian counterpart h, obtained from H by a similarity transformation, as pointed out by Mostafazadeh. In the first model, due to Swanson, h turns out to be just a scaled harmonic oscillator, which explains the form of its spectrum. However, the transformation is not unique, which also means that the observables of the original theory are not uniquely determined by H alone. The second model we consider is the original PT-invariant Hamiltonian, with potential V = igx 3. In this case the corresponding h, which we are only able to construct in perturbation theory, corresponds to a complicated velocity-dependent potential. We again explore the relationship between the canonical variables x and p and the observables X and P. 1
In the context of two particularly interesting non-Hermitian models in quantum mechanics we explore the relationship between the original Hamiltonian H and its Hermitian counterpart h , obtained from H by a similarity transformation, as pointed out by Mostafazadeh. In the first model, due to Swanson, h turns out to be just a scaled harmonic oscillator, which explains the form of its spectrum. However, the transformation is not unique, which also means that the observables of the original theory are not uniquely determined by H alone. The second model we consider is the original PT -invariant Hamiltonian, with potential V = i gx 3 . In this case the corresponding h , which we are only able to construct in perturbation theory, corresponds to a complicated velocity-dependent potential. We again explore the relationship between the canonical variables x and p and the observables X and P .