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arXiv:2210.00233

Demonstration of 17λ x 10 Gb/s C-Band Classical / DV-QKD Co-Existence Over Hollow-Core Fiber Link

Florian Honz, Florian Prawits, Obada Alia, Hessam Sakr, Thomas D. Bradley, Cong Zhang, Radan Slavı́k, Francesco Poletti, George Theodore Kanellos, Reza Nejabati, Philip John Walther, Dimitra E. Simeonidou, Hannes Hübel, Bernhard Schrenk

Published Oct 1, 2022• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We successfully integrate coherent one-way QKD at 1538 nm in a 7.7 km long hollow-core fiber link with 17 EDFA-boosted C-band data channels from 1540.56 to 1558.17 nm, aggregating a power of 11 dBm. QKD operation proves successful despite the wideband layout of classical channels.
DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2210.00233

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) is approaching industrial maturity, but its integration with high-power classical signals in shared optical fiber is hindered by noise from nonlinear effects like spontaneous Raman scattering and four-wave mixing. Hollow-core fiber (HCF) offers a promising solution by inherently suppressing these nonlinearities. However, a comprehensive noise analysis for pure HCF or standard single-mode-fiber–HCF hybrid links, validated experimentally under realistic high-power conditions, remains unavailable. This work bridges that gap through a thorough theoretical and experimental investigation of an HCF-featured coexistence system. We demonstrate a silicon-photonics-based QKD system operating with an optical transport network (OTN). The system achieves multiplexed launch powers of 20 dBm for counter-propagation and 14 dBm for co-propagation, meeting the highest requirements of modern OTNs. Over a 10 km HCF link, it simultaneously supports 12×583 Gbps classical channels across the C-band and achieves secure key rates of 5.7 kbps (counter-propagation) and 2.5 kbps (co-propagation) over a 1550 nm quantum channel. Our results provide critical benchmarks and a practical framework for deploying HCF-based quantum-classical networks, paving the way for future inherently secure telecommunications.
In this work, we demonstrate the coexistence system integrating commercial-grade optical transport network equipment from a pilot production line with silicon photonics based quantum key distribution operating in the C-band over a 10 km hollow-core fiber link. The system simultaneously achieves a secure key rate of 2 kbps and supports classical communication at 80λ×100 Gbps capacity with 11 dBm launch power, establishing a new benchmark for practical quantum-classical network integration. This implementation represents a significant advancement toward deployable, high-performance quantum-secured communication infrastructure.
The feasibility of transmitting discrete-variable quantum key distribution channels with carrier-grade classical optical channels over multicore fibers is experimentally explored in terms of achievable quantum bit error rates, secret key rates as well as classical signal bit error rates. A coexistence transmission record of 11.2 Tb/s is achieved for the classical channels simultaneously with a DV-QKD channel over a 1 km-long 7-core multicore fiber. Coexistence over the same multicore fiber core is identified as a dominant factor for the performance of the quantum channel requiring optical bandpass filtering of 17 nm for the quantum channel to avoid the effect of Raman noise. Also, counter-propagation of classical channels and quantum channels probe more tolerance to noise proliferation than co-propagation. In addition, the performance of the quantum channel is maintained when more than three cores are used for the classical channels. Furthermore, by adding a second DV-QKD channel in the multicore fiber, the simultaneous transmission of classical channels as well as the generation of quantum-secured keys of two QKD channels is achieved with an operational range of 10 dB of launched power into the MCF.