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arXiv:2209.06249 · Nature Communications

Long distance multiplexed quantum teleportation from a telecom photon to a solid-state qubit

Dario Lago-Rivera, Jelena V. Rakonjac, Samuele Grandi, Hugues de Riedmatten

Published Apr 5, 2023• 74 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum teleportation is an essential capability for quantum networks, allowing the transmission of quantum bits (qubits) without a direct exchange of quantum information. Its implementation between distant parties requires teleportation of the quantum information to matter qubits that store it for long enough to allow users to perform further processing. Here we demonstrate long distance quantum teleportation from a photonic qubit at telecom wavelength to a matter qubit, stored as a collective excitation in a solid-state quantum memory. Our system encompasses an active feed-forward scheme, implementing a conditional phase shift on the qubit retrieved from the memory, as required by the protocol. Moreover, our approach is time-multiplexed, allowing for an increase in the teleportation rate, and is directly compatible with the deployed telecommunication networks, two key features for its scalability and practical implementation, that will play a pivotal role in the development of long-distance quantum communication.

DOI
10.1038/s41467-023-37518-5

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Quantum teleportation is an essential capability for quantum networks, allowing the transmission of quantum bits (qubits) without a direct exchange of quantum information. Its implementation between distant parties requires teleportation of the quantum information to matter qubits that store it for long enough to allow users to perform further processing. Here we demonstrate long distance quantum teleportation from a photonic qubit at telecom wavelength to a matter qubit, stored as a collective excitation in a solid-state quantum memory. Our system encompasses an active feed-forward scheme, implementing a conditional phase shift on the qubit retrieved from the memory, as required by the protocol. Moreover, our approach is time-multiplexed, allowing for an increase in the teleportation rate, and is directly compatible with the deployed telecommunication networks, two key features for its scalability and practical implementation, that will play a pivotal role in the development of long-distance quantum communication.
Quantum teleportation [1] is a cornerstone of quantum information science due to its essential role in several important tasks such as the long-distance transmission of quantum information using quantum repeaters [2–4]. In this context, a challenge of paramount importance is the distribution of entanglement between remote nodes, and to use this entanglement as a resource for long-distance light-to-matter quantum teleportation. We report on the demonstration of quantum teleportation of the polarization state of a telecom-wavelength photon onto the state of a solid-state quantum memory. Entanglement is established between a rare-earth-ion doped crystal storing a single photon that is polarization-entangled with a flying telecom-wavelength photon [5, 6]. The latter is jointly measured, using highly efficient superconducting WSi nanowire single-photon detectors [7], with another flying qubit carrying the polarization state to be teleported, which heralds the teleportation. The fidelity of the polarization state of the photon retrieved from the memory is shown to be greater than the maximum fidelity achievable without entanglement, even when the combined distances travelled by the two flying qubits is 25 km of standard optical fibre. This light-to-matter teleportation channel paves the way towards long-distance implementations of quantum networks with solid-state quantum memories.
To realize a quantum internet, the distribution of quantum states via quantum teleportation with quantum memories is a key ingredient. Being compatible with existing fiber networks, entangled photons and quantum memories at telecom wavelength are of central interest for such a scalable quantum network. Here, we demonstrate quantum teleportation from a telecom-wavelength photonic qubit to a solid-state quantum memory based on erbium-ion ensembles, which have a native optical transition at 1.5 μm telecom C band. To accomplish this, we use chip-scale silicon nitride microresonators to generate entangled photons with narrow linewidth, compatible with the quantum memory. We confirm the quality of the quantum teleportation procedure using quantum state and process tomography techniques, in which both the quantum state and process fidelities exceeds the classical limit. These results pave the way for the realization of scalable quantum networks based on solid-state devices.
Realization of long-distance quantum communication through the quantum repeater network requires a combination of some key elements, including a multiplexed quantum memory for storage of entanglement and a telecom photon for propagation of information through the fiber.Although impressive experimental advances have demonstrated the individual elements, combining these key capabilities together and realizing them in a single experimental system remains a significant challenge.Here, we report an experimental realization of long-distance entanglement between a multiplexed quantum memory with 49 individually accessible memory cells and a telecom photon after transmission in a 10-km optical fiber.Excitation of an atomic ensemble generates narrow-band polarization entanglement between a telecom photon of 1530-nm wavelength and another photon of 780-nm wavelength, which is then stored into a memory cell of a multiplexed atomic quantum memory and read out after a controllable delay.The entanglement is verified through quantum-state tomography after quantum storage in the atomic memory and fiber transmission of the telecom photon.This experiment demonstrates an important step towards realization of long-distance quantum communication networks.
Quantum teleportation is essential for many quantum information technologies, including long-distance quantum networks.Using fiber-coupled devices, including state-of-the-art low-noise superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and off-the-shelf optics, we achieve conditional quantum teleportation of time-bin qubits at the telecommunication wavelength of 1536.5 nm.We measure teleportation fidelities of ≥ 90% that are consistent with an analytical model of our system, which includes realistic imperfections.To demonstrate the compatibility of our setup with deployed quantum networks, we teleport qubits over 22 km of single-mode fiber while transmitting qubits over an additional 22 km of fiber.Our systems, which are compatible with emerging solid-state quantum devices, provide a realistic foundation for a high-fidelity quantum Internet with practical devices.
Quantum communication aims at generating and distributing entangled pairs of photonic qubits (or flying qubits) at a telecom wavelength between distant sites, in order to implement quantum information protocols, such as quantum key distribution, quantum teleportation and quantum processing. For many quantum protocols, and especially for quantum repeaters, which make quantum communication over long distances much more efficient, storing of entangled states is necessary and represents a crucial step towards the realization of a real quantum network. A current outstanding challenge is thus to implement quantum memories for entangled qubits, carried by telecom photons, that combine high efficiency, long storage time and near-perfect fidelity between the input and output states. With this project, our goal is to merge the techniques of telecom wavelengths qubit distribution with quantum storage at shorter wavelength (typically for atomic transitions). Our idea is to map, via a quantum interface, polarization entangled qubits at a telecom wave- length onto a cold atomic ensemble, serving as a quantum memory device.