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arXiv:2209.01025 · Optics Letters

Cold-atom shaping with MEMS scanning mirrors

Alan Bregazzi, Paul Janin, S. Dyer, J. P. McGilligan, Oliver S. Burrow, Erling Riis, Deepak G. Uttamchandani, Ralf Bauer, Paul F. Griffin

Published Nov 17, 2022• 4 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate the integration of micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) scanning mirrors as active elements for the local optical pumping of ultra-cold atoms in a magneto-optical trap. A pair of MEMS mirrors steer a focused resonant beam through a cloud of trapped atoms shelved in the F = 1 ground-state of 87 Rb for spatially selective fluorescence of the atom cloud. Two-dimensional control is demonstrated by forming geometrical patterns along the imaging axis of the cold atom ensemble. Such control of the atomic ensemble with a microfabricated mirror pair could find applications in single atom selection, local optical pumping, and arbitrary cloud shaping. This approach has significant potential for miniaturization and in creating portable control systems for quantum optic experiments.

DOI
10.1364/ol.475353

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We demonstrate the integration of micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) scanning mirrors as active elements for the local optical pumping of ultra-cold atoms in a magneto-optical trap. A pair of MEMS mirrors steer a focused resonant beam through a cloud of trapped atoms shelved in the F = 1 ground-state of 87 Rb for spatially selective fluorescence of the atom cloud. Two-dimensional control is demonstrated by forming geometrical patterns along the imaging axis of the cold atom ensemble. Such control of the atomic ensemble with a microfabricated mirror pair could find applications in single atom selection, local optical pumping, and arbitrary cloud shaping. This approach has significant potential for miniaturization and in creating portable control systems for quantum optic experiments.
To provide scalability to quantum information processors utilizing trapped atoms or ions as quantum bits (qubits), the capability to address multiple individual qubits in a large array is needed. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology can be used to create a flexible and scalable optical system to direct the necessary laser beams to multiple qubit locations. We developed beam steering optics using controllable MEMS mirrors that enable one laser beam to address multiple qubit locations in a two-dimensional trap lattice. MEMS mirror settling times of approximately 10 micros were demonstrated, which allow for fast access time between qubits.
We present experiments with cold atoms in optical dipole potentials which are directed towards developing an integrated coherent atom optics with micro-optical systems. We describe an experiment on evaporative cooling in a far-detuned optical dipole trap for 87 Rb. The dipole trap is created by a solid state laser at a wavelength of 1030 nm. To achieve high initial phase space densities allowing for efficient evaporative cooling, we have optimised the loading process from a magneto-optical trap into the dipole trap. Starting with an initial phase space density of 2 × 10 −4 the trap depth was ramped down and temperatures below 200 nK and phase space densities of about 0.2 could be reached. These investigations aim at the creation of an 'all-optical' BEC based on a simple experimental scheme. As an example for an integrated atom optical system, we present the transport of atoms in a ring-shaped guiding structure, i.e. optical storage ring, for cold atoms which is produced by a micro-fabricated ring lens.
Two-dimensional arrays of optical microtraps created by micro-optical elements present a versatile and scalable architecture for neutral atom quantum information processing, quantum simulation and the manipulation of ultra-cold quantum gases. In this paper, we demonstrate the advanced capabilities of this approach by introducing novel techniques and functionalities as well as the combined operation of previous separately implemented functions. We introduce piezo-actuator-based transport of atom ensembles over distances of more than one trap separation, examine the capabilities of rapid atom transport provided by acousto-optical beam steering and analyse the adiabaticity limit for atom transport in these configurations. We implement a spatial light modulator with 8 bit transmission control for the per-site adjustment of the trap depth and the number of atoms loaded. We combine single-site addressing, trap depth control and atom transport in one configuration for demonstrating the splitting of atom ensembles with variable ratio at predefined register sites. Finally, we use controlled sub-poissonian preparation of single trapped atoms from such an ensemble to show that our approach allows for the implementation of a continuous supply of single-atom qubits with high fidelity. These novel implementations and their combined operation significantly extend available techniques for the dynamical and reconfigurable manipulation of ultra-cold atoms in dipole traps.
We present experiments with cold atoms in optical dipole potentials which are directed towards developing an integrated coherent atom optics with micro-optical systems. We describe an experiment on evaporative cooling in a far-detuned optical dipole trap for ⁸⁷Rb. The dipole trap is created by a solid state laser at a wavelength of 1030 nm. To achieve high initial phase space densities allowing for efficient evaporative cooling, we have optimised the loading process from a magneto-optical trap into the dipole trap. Starting with an initial phase space density of 2 × 10⁻⁴ the trap depth was ramped down and temperatures below 200 nK and phase space densities of about 0.2 could be reached. These investigations aim at the creation of an ’all-optical’ BEC based on a simple experimental scheme. As an example for an integrated atom optical system, we present the transport of atoms in a ring-shaped guiding structure, i.e. optical storage ring, for cold atoms which is produced by a micro-fabricated ring lens.
This thesis covers experimental work conducted within two distinct fields of cold-atom physics. The first part describes an experiment capable of spatially-selective dispersive measurements of a cold-atomic system in part or in whole, by virtue of a digital micromirror device (DMD). Atom clouds are trapped in optical tweezers made and controlled by an acousto-optical deflector. Two types of high-precision magnetometers are realised. One is vectorial and reaches a single-shot precision of dB = (100, 200) µG for the field components parallel and transversal to the probe light, exceeding a previous realisation by two orders of magnitude. The other is a scalar magnetometer based on Larmor precession and reaches dB = 30 µG, putting it on equal footing with other state-of-the-art cold-atom magnetometers. The second part is devoted to the characterisation and the first results of a new quantum gas microscope experiment. It features a 0.69 NA microscope objective for high-resolution fluorescence imaging of individual atoms trapped in deep optical lattices. The imaging system is shown to perform near the diffraction limit. By means of DMD-generated off-resonant tight optical tweezers, projected through the high-resolution optics, we can load only a few planes of a co-propagating 1D lattice. In a single realisation of the experiment we acquire multiple fluorescence images, where the objective is translated between images, bringing different planes of the optical lattices in focus. In this way we can tomographically reconstruct the atom distribution in 3D.