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arXiv:2208.05871 · Quantum Studies Mathematics and Foundations

The non-commutative Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty principle

Agapitos Hatzinikitas

Published Oct 28, 2022• 4 citations
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Abstract

Abstract We investigate properties of the covariance matrix in the framework of non-commutative quantum mechanics for an one-parameter family of transformations between the familiar Heisenberg–Weyl algebra and a particular extension of it. Employing as a measure of the Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty principle the linear symplectic capacity of the Weyl ellipsoid (and its dual), we determine its corresponding bounds. Inequalities between the capacities for non-commutative phase-spaces are established. We also present a constructive example based on a simple model to justify our theoretical predictions.

DOI
10.1007/s40509-022-00282-0

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Abstract We investigate properties of the covariance matrix in the framework of non-commutative quantum mechanics for an one-parameter family of transformations between the familiar Heisenberg–Weyl algebra and a particular extension of it. Employing as a measure of the Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty principle the linear symplectic capacity of the Weyl ellipsoid (and its dual), we determine its corresponding bounds. Inequalities between the capacities for non-commutative phase-spaces are established. We also present a constructive example based on a simple model to justify our theoretical predictions.
We show that a possible violation of the Robertson-Schr\"odinger uncertainty principle may signal the existence of a deformation of the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra. More precisely, we prove that any Gaussian in phase space (even if it violates the Robertson-Schr\"odinger uncertainty principle) will always be a quantum state of an appropriate noncommutative extension of quantum mechanics. Conversely, all canonical noncommutative extensions of quantum mechanics display states that violate the Robertson-Schr\"odinger uncertainty principle.
Abstract We consider a non-canonical phase-space deformation of the Heisenberg–Weyl algebra that was recently introduced in the context of quantum cosmology. We prove the existence of minimal uncertainties for all pairs of non-commuting variables. We also show that the states which minimize each uncertainty inequality are ground states of certain positive operators. The algebra is shown to be stable and to violate the usual Heisenberg–Pauli–Weyl inequality for position and momentum. The techniques used are potentially interesting in the context of time-frequency analysis.
A positive definite symmetric matrix σ qualifies as a quantum mechanical covariance matrix if and only if σ+(1/2)i\hbarΩ\geq0 where Ω is the standard symplectic matrix. This well-known condition is a strong version of the uncertainty principle, which can be reinterpreted in terms of the topological notion of symplectic capacity, closely related to Gromov's non-squeezing theorem. We show that a recent refinement of the latter leads to a new class of geometric invariants. These are the volumes of the orthogonal projections of the covariance ellipsoid on symplectic subspaces of the phase space. We compare these geometric invariants to the algebraic "universal quantum invariants" of Dodonov and Serafini.
Abstract The uncertainty principle sets a limit to our capacity to predict the outcomes of two incompatible measurements. The Heisenberg uncertainty relation for two arbitrary observables A and B is usually discussed in textbooks. However, little or no attention is paid to the fact that Schrödinger generalised the Heisenberg relation taking into account the covariance between the observables A and B . This extended inequality is known as the Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty relation. Here, we demonstrate the less known fact that two-level quantum states, i.e., qubits, satisfy the equality of the Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty relation for two arbitrary observables A and B . Taking advantage of the homomorphism between SU(2) and SO(3) groups, it is possible to map the distributions of the expectation values and variances of the observables, and the Heisenberg and covariance terms on the Bloch sphere. The graphical visualisation of the relevant quantities involved in the uncertainty relations allows us to distinguish specific properties and symmetries that are not so evident in the algebraic formalism.
A positive de…nite symmetric matrix quali…es as a quantum mechanical covariance matrix if and only if + 12 i~ 0 where is the standard symplectic matrix. This well-known condition is a strong version of the uncertainty principle, which can be reinterpreted in terms of the topological notion of symplectic capacity, closely related to Gromov’s non-squeezing theorem. We show that a recent re…nement of the latter leads to a new class of geometric invariants. These are the volumes of the orthogonal projections of the covariance ellipsoid on symplectic subspaces of the phase space. We compare these geometric invariants to the algebraic “universal quantum invariants”of Dodonov and Sera…ni.
In this work we derive a matrix formulation of a noise-disturbance uncertainty relation, which is akin to the Robertson-Schr\"odinger uncertainty principle. Our inequality is stronger than Ozawa's uncertainty principle and takes noise-disturbance correlations into account. Moreover, we show that for certain types of measurement interactions it is covariant with respect to linear symplectic transformations of the noise and disturbance operators. Finally, we also study the tightness of our matrix inequality.