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arXiv:2207.13022 · Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

Fast scrambling of mutual information in Kerr- AdS4 spacetime

Vinay Malvimat, Rohan R. Poojary

Published Jan 24, 2023• 10 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We compute the disruption of mutual information between the hemispherical subsystems on the left and right conformal field theories of a thermofield double state described by a Kerr geometry in ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{4}$ due to shock waves along the equatorial plane. The shock waves and the subsystems considered respect the axisymmetry of the geometry. At late times, the disruption of the mutual information is given by the lengthening of the Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi surface connecting the two subsystems; we compute the minimum value of the Lyapunov index-${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{L}^{(\mathrm{min})}$ at late times and find that it is bounded by $\ensuremath{\kappa}=\frac{2\ensuremath{\pi}{T}_{H}}{(1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathcal{L})}$, where $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is the horizon velocity, and $\mathcal{L}$ is the angular momentum per unit energy of the shock wave. At very late times, we find the scrambling time for such a system is governed by $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ with $\ensuremath{\kappa}{t}_{*}=\mathrm{log}\mathcal{S}$ for large black holes with a large entropy $\mathcal{S}$. We also find a term that increases the scrambling time by $\mathrm{log}(1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathcal{L}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ but which does not scale with the entropy of the Kerr geometry.

DOI
10.1103/physrevd.107.026019

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We compute the disruption of mutual information between the hemispherical subsystems on the left and right conformal field theories of a thermofield double state described by a Kerr geometry in AdS4{\mathrm{AdS}}_{4}AdS4​ due to shock waves along the equatorial plane. The shock waves and the subsystems considered respect the axisymmetry of the geometry. At late times, the disruption of the mutual information is given by the lengthening of the Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi surface connecting the two subsystems; we compute the minimum value of the Lyapunov index-\ensuremathλL(min){\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{L}^{(\mathrm{min})}\ensuremathλL(min)​ at late times and find that it is bounded by \ensuremathκ=2\ensuremathπTH(1\ensuremath−\ensuremathμL)\ensuremath{\kappa}=\frac{2\ensuremath{\pi}{T}_{H}}{(1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathcal{L})}\ensuremathκ=(1\ensuremath−\ensuremathμL)2\ensuremathπTH​​, where \ensuremathμ\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremathμ is the horizon velocity, and L\mathcal{L}L is the angular momentum per unit energy of the shock wave. At very late times, we find the scrambling time for such a system is governed by \ensuremathκ\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremathκ with \ensuremathκt∗=logS\ensuremath{\kappa}{t}_{*}=\mathrm{log}\mathcal{S}\ensuremathκt∗​=logS for large black holes with a large entropy S\mathcal{S}S. We also find a term that increases the scrambling time by log(1\ensuremath−\ensuremathμL)\ensuremath−1\mathrm{log}(1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathcal{L}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}log(1\ensuremath−\ensuremathμL)\ensuremath−1 but which does not scale with the entropy of the Kerr geometry.
We study the perturbation due to rotating shockwaves in Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli geometries at late times and analyze the change in mutual information between the two subsystems belonging to the dual CFTL{\mathrm{CFT}}_{L}CFTL​ and CFTR{\mathrm{CFT}}_{R}CFTR​. We find that the scrambling of mutual information is in general governed by the Lyapunov index ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{L}$ which is bounded by $\ensuremath{\kappa}=\frac{2\ensuremath{\pi}}{\ensuremath{\beta}(1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathcal{L})}\ensuremath{\ge}\frac{2\ensuremath{\pi}}{\ensuremath{\beta}}$, where $\ensuremath{\mu}={r}_{\ensuremath{-}}/{r}_{+}$ and L\mathcal{L}L is the angular momentum of the shockwave. For the special case of L=1\mathcal{L}=1L=1 we find the mutual information analytically and show that it is characterized by ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{L}=\ensuremath{\kappa}/2$ with the scrambling time for large black holes given as ${t}_{*}=\frac{\ensuremath{\beta}(1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu})}{\ensuremath{\pi}}\mathrm{log}S$.
We study the mutual information between pairs of regions on the two asymptotic boundaries of maximally extended anisotropic black branes. This quantity characterizes the local pattern of entanglement of the thermofield double states which are dual to these geometries. We analyze the disruption of the mutual information in anisotropic shock wave geometries and show that the entanglement velocity plays an important role in this phenomenon. Moreover, we compute several chaos-related properties of this system, such as the entanglement velocity, the butterfly velocity, and the scrambling time. We find that the butterfly velocity and the entanglement velocity violate the upper bounds proposed in [1-3], but remain bounded by their corresponding values in the infrared effective theory.
Abstract We propose a gedanken experiment on realizing thermofield double state (TFD) by using analog black holes and provide an approach to test the scrambling time. Through this approach, we demonstrate clearly how shock wave changes the TFD state as time evolves. As the whole system evolves forward in time, the perturbation of space-time geometry will increase exponentially. Finally, it will destroy the entanglement between the two states of the thermal field, and the mutual information between them is reduced to zero in the time scale of scrambling. The results show that for perturbations of analogue black holes embedded in AdS space, the scale of the scrambling time is closely related to the logarithm of entropy of the black hole. The results provide further theoretical argument for the scrambling time, which can be further falsified in experiments.
We study entanglement in thermofield double states of strongly coupled conformal field theories by analyzing two-sided Reissner-Nordstr\"om solutions in anti--de Sitter space. The central object of study is the mutual information between a pair of regions, one on each asymptotic boundary of the black hole. For large regions the mutual information is positive and for small ones it vanishes; we compute the critical length scale, which goes to infinity for extremal black holes, of the transition. We also generalize the butterfly effect of Shenker and Stanford [J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2014) 067] to a wide class of charged black holes, showing that mutual information is disrupted upon perturbing the system and waiting for a time of order $\mathrm{log}E/\ensuremath{\delta}E$ in units of the temperature. We conjecture that the parametric form of this time scale is universal.
In this thesis we study the time evolution of Rényi and entanglement entropies of thermal states in Conformal Field Theory (CFT). These quantities are usually hard to compute but Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) and Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi (HRT) proposals allow us to find the same quantities using calculations in general relativity. We will introduce main concepts of holography, quantum information and conformal field theory that will be used to derive the results of this thesis. In the first part of the thesis, we explicitly compute entanglement entropy of the rotating BTZ black hole by directly applying HRT proposal and finding lengths of spacelike geodesics. Rényi entropy of thermal state perturbed by a local quantum quench is computed by mapping correlators on two glued cylinders to the plane for field theory containing a single free boson and for 2d CFTs in the large c limit. We consider Thermofield Double State (TFD) which is an entangled state in direct product of two 2D CFTs. It is conjectured to be holographically equivalent to the eternal BTZ black hole. TFD state is perturbed by a local quench in one CFT and mutual information between two intervals in two CFTs is computed. We find when mutual information vanishes and interpret this as scrambling time, i.e. time scale required for the system to thermalize. This field theory result is modelled with a massive free falling particle in the BTZ black hole. We have computed the back-reaction of the particle on the metric of BTZ and used RT proposal to find holographic entanglement entropy. Finally, we generalize this calculation to the case of rotating BTZ with inner and outer horizons. It is dual to the CFT with different temperatures for left and right moving modes. We calculate mutual information and scrambling time and find exact agreement between results in the gravity and those in the CFT.
We compute the mutual information between finite intervals in two non-compact 2d CFTs in the thermofield double formulation after one of them has been locally perturbed by a primary operator at some time tω in the large c limit. We determine the time scale, called the scrambling time, at which the mutual information vanishes and the original entanglement between the thermofield double gets destroyed by the perturbation. We provide a holographic description in terms of a free falling particle in the eternal BTZ black hole that exactly matches our CFT calculations. Our results hold for any time tω . In particular, when the latter is large, they reproduce the bulk shock-wave propagation along the BTZ horizon description.