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arXiv:2207.08140 · Physical Review Letters

Measurement of the Electric Dipole Moment of Yb171 Atoms in an Optical Dipole Trap

T. A. Zheng, Yutong Yang, S.-Z. Wang, Jaideep Taggart Singh, Zhuan-Xian Xiong, Tian Xia, Zheng‐Tian Lu

Published Aug 19, 2022• 37 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of the $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ $(I=1/2)$ atom is measured with atoms held in an optical dipole trap. By enabling a cycling transition that is simultaneously spin-selective and spin-preserving, a quantum nondemolition measurement with a spin-detection efficiency of 50% is realized. A systematic effect due to parity mixing induced by a static $E$ field is observed, and is suppressed by averaging between measurements with optical dipole traps in opposite directions. The coherent spin precession time is found to be much longer than 300 s. The EDM is determined to be $d(^{171}\mathrm{Yb})=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}(\ensuremath{-}6.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{5.1}_{\text{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{1.2}_{\mathrm{syst}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}27}\text{ }\text{ }e\text{ }\mathrm{cm}$, leading to an upper limit of $|d(^{171}\mathrm{Yb})|<1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}26}\text{ }\text{ }e\text{ }\mathrm{cm}$ (95% C.L.). These measurement techniques can be adapted to search for the EDM of $^{225}\mathrm{Ra}$.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.129.083001

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The permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of the 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb (I=1/2)(I=1/2)(I=1/2) atom is measured with atoms held in an optical dipole trap. By enabling a cycling transition that is simultaneously spin-selective and spin-preserving, a quantum nondemolition measurement with a spin-detection efficiency of 50% is realized. A systematic effect due to parity mixing induced by a static EEE field is observed, and is suppressed by averaging between measurements with optical dipole traps in opposite directions. The coherent spin precession time is found to be much longer than 300 s. The EDM is determined to be d(171Yb)=(\ensuremath−6.8\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi5.1stat\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi1.2syst)\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−27  e cmd(^{171}\mathrm{Yb})=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}(\ensuremath{-}6.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{5.1}_{\text{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{1.2}_{\mathrm{syst}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}27}\text{ }\text{ }e\text{ }\mathrm{cm}d(171Yb)=(\ensuremath−6.8\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi5.1stat​\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi1.2syst​)\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−27  e cm, leading to an upper limit of ∣d(171Yb)∣<1.5\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−26  e cm|d(^{171}\mathrm{Yb})|<1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}26}\text{ }\text{ }e\text{ }\mathrm{cm}∣d(171Yb)∣<1.5\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−26  e cm (95% C.L.). These measurement techniques can be adapted to search for the EDM of 225Ra^{225}\mathrm{Ra}225Ra.
The permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of atoms, molecules, and elementary particles is predicted in the standard model. While it is too small compared with the experimental measurement sensitivity, it is an important method to search for beyond-standard-model physics via CP violating mechanisms. In this talk, I will focus on the EDM measurement of the 171Yb atoms with atoms held in an optical dipole trap. A quantum nondemolition measurement with a spin-detection efficiency of 50% is realized. A systematic effect due to parity mixing induced by a static E field is observed, and is suppressed by averaging between measurements with optical dipole traps in opposite directions. The coherent spin precession time is found to be much longer than 300 s. The measurement result leads to an upper limit of |d(171Yb)| < 1.5 E−26 e cm (95% C.L.). These measurement techniques can be adapted to search for the EDM of 225Ra.
First Measurement of the Atomic Electric Dipole Moment of 225^{225}225Ra
The radioactive radium-225 (225^{225}225Ra) atom is a favorable case to search for a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM). Due to its strong nuclear octupole deformation and large atomic mass, 225^{225}225Ra is particularly sensitive to interactions in the nuclear medium that violate both time-reversal symmetry and parity. We have developed a cold-atom technique to study the spin precession of 225^{225}225Ra atoms held in an optical dipole trap, and demonstrated the principle of this method by completing the first measurement of its atomic EDM, reaching an upper limit of ∣|∣ddd(225^{225}225Ra)∣|∣ $
Quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement enhances the detection efficiency and measurement fidelity, and is highly desired for its applications in precision measurements and quantum information processing. We propose and demonstrate a QND measurement scheme for the spin states of laser-trapped atoms. On 171Yb{}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb atoms held in an optical dipole trap, a transition that is simultaneously cycling, spin-selective, and spin-preserving is created by introducing a circularly polarized beam of a control laser to optically dress the spin states in the excited level, while leaving the spin states in the ground level unperturbed. We measure the phase of spin precession of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ atoms in a bias magnetic field of 20 mG. This QND approach reduces the optical absorption detection noise by $\ensuremath{\sim}19\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dB}$, to an inferred level of 2.3 dB below the atomic quantum projection noise. In addition to providing a general approach for efficient spin-state readout, this all-optical technique allows quick switching and real-time programming for quantum sensing and quantum information processing.
We demonstrate a spin-precession method to observe and analyze multi-level coherence between all hyperfine levels in the X2Σ+,N=0X ^2Σ^+,N=0X2Σ+,N=0 ground state of barium monofluoride (138^{138}138Ba19^{19}19F). The signal is sensitive to the state-preparation Rabi frequency and external electric and magnetic fields applied in searches for a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM). In the obtained interference spectrum, the electric field and Rabi frequency become observable simultaneously with the EDM. This method reduces systematic biases and the number of auxiliary measurements for such precision measurements.
We have been studying laser‐cooled and trapped atoms towards the detection of the permanent electric dipole moment (p‐EDM). The existence of the p‐EDM shows the CP‐violation and its detection has significant implications for the test of the proposed elementary particle models. However, the current experimental accuracy has not yet reached the range of the predicted value of the standard model. Especially, a measurement error due to a shot noise is one of the important factors. To overcome the shot‐noise limit, we are now trying to generate the atomic squeezed spin state.
This thesis describes efforts towards the design and construction of an apparatus to measure the electric dipole moment (edm) of the electron. The current experimental bound on the electron edm, d[subscript e], is |d[subscript e]| ≤ 1.6×10⁻²⁷ e·cm [1]. Our system is designed to be sensitive to an electron dipole moment as small as 10⁻²⁹ e·cm. The experiment will use laser-cooled Cs atoms loaded and captured in optical molasses from a separate 2D MOT cold atom source. The atoms diffusing in the optical molasses will be trapped by two side-by-side standing wave, far-off resonance optical dipole force traps. High voltage electrodes will apply opposite polarity electric fields to the two traps. The signature of an edm would be a first-order electric field shift of the atomic Zeeman levels upon reversal of the electric fields. We have paid special attention to the magnetic noise generated by Johnson noise currents of conductors in the design of this apparatus