Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2207.06609

Fulfilling entanglement’s optimal advantage via converting correlation to coherence

Haowei Shi, Bingzhi Zhang, Quntao Zhuang

Published Jan 1, 2023• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Entanglement boosts performance limits in sensing and communication even in noisy environments. We propose a conversion module to transform quantum correlation to coherent quadrature displacement, fulfilling the optimal receiver for quantum illumination and entanglement-assisted communication. [1]
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth4a.6

Related papers

Entanglement-assisted detection of fading targets via correlation-to-displacement conversion

Xin Chen, Quntao Zhuang

Quantum illumination utilizes an entanglement-enhanced sensing system to outperform classical illumination in detecting a suspected target, despite the entanglement-breaking loss and noise. However, practical and optimal receiver design to fulfill the quantum advantage has been a long open problem. Recently, Shi et al. [arXiv:2207.06609 (2022)] proposed the correlation-to-displacement $(`\mathrm{C}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}_{\stackrel{P\vec}{}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{D}\text{'})$ conversion module to enable an optimal receiver design that greatly reduces the complexity of the previous known optimal receiver [Q. Zhuang, Z. Zhang, and J. H. Shapiro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 040801 (2017)]. There, the analyses of the conversion module assume an ideal target with a known reflectivity and a fixed return phase. In practical applications, however, targets often induce a random return phase; moreover, their reflectivities can have fluctuations obeying a Rayleigh distribution. In this paper, we extend the analyses of the $\mathrm{C}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}_{\stackrel{P\vec}{}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{D}$ module to realistic targets and show that the entanglement advantage is maintained albeit reduced. In particular, the conversion module allows exact and efficient performance evaluation despite the non-Gaussian nature of the quantum channel involved.

arXiv:2212.08190•Physical Review A•Jun 5, 2023•6 citations

Noisy entanglement testing for ranging and communication

Pengcheng Liao, Quntao Zhuang

This work proposes an LOCC-based entanglement-testing measurement using correlation-to-displacement conversion, optimizing error probability and enhancing quantum ranging and entanglement-assisted communication in noisy and low-brightness conditions.

Optica Sensing Congress•Jan 1, 2025•0 citations

Microwave Quantum Illumination with Correlation-To-Displacement Conversion

Jacopo Angeletti, Haowei Shi, L. Theerthagiri +2 more

Entanglement is vulnerable to degradation in a noisy sensing scenario, but surprisingly, the quantum illumination protocol has demonstrated that its advantage can survive. However, designing a measurement system that realizes this advantage is challenging since the information is hidden in the weak correlation embedded in the noise at the receiver side. Recent progress in a correlation-to-displacement conversion module provides a route towards an optimal protocol for practical microwave quantum illumination. In this work, we extend the conversion module to accommodate experimental imperfections that are ubiquitous in microwave systems. To mitigate loss, we propose amplification of the return signals. In the case of ideal amplification, the entire six-decibel error-exponent advantage in target detection error can be maintained. However, in the case of noisy amplification, this advantage is reduced to three decibels. We analyze the quantum advantage under different scenarios with a Kennedy receiver in the final measurement. In the ideal case, the performance still achieves the optimal one over a fairly large range of error probability with only on-off detection. Empowered by photon-number-resolving detectors, the performance is further improved and also analyzed in terms of receiver operating characteristic curves. Our findings pave the way for the development of practical microwave quantum illumination systems.

arXiv:2303.18206•Physical Review Applied•Aug 11, 2023•8 citations

Quantum illumination via correlation-to-displacement conversion with cavity-enhanced mode selection

Xin Chen, Zhibin Ye

Quantum illumination leverages entanglement to surpass classical target detection, even in high-noise environments. Remarkably, its quantum advantage persists despite entanglement degradation caused by environmental decoherence. A central challenge lies in designing optimal receivers to exploit this advantage, with the correlation-to-displacement (C→D) conversion module emerging as a promising candidate. However, practical implementation remains technically demanding, particularly in realizing a low-noise programmable mode selector. In this work, we propose a scheme for the C→D module that incorporates a cavity-enhanced quantum pulse gate for programmable mode processing, achieving performance close to the theoretical optimum. This integrated framework paves the way for the realization of practical quantum illumination systems.

arXiv:2503.00176•Optics Express•Jul 9, 2025•0 citations

Quantum Illumination via Frequency-Mode-Based Correlation-to-Displacement Conversion

Xin Chen Xin Chen, Zhibin Ye

Quantum illumination leverages entanglement to surpass classical target detection, even in high-noise environments. Remarkably, its quantum advantage persists despite entanglement degradation caused by environmental decoherence. A central challenge lies in designing optimal receivers to exploit this advantage, with the correlation-to-displacement conversion module emerging as a promising candidate. However, the practical implementation of the conversion module faces technical hurdles, primarily due to the vast number of modes involved. In this work, we address these challenges by proposing a frequency-mode entangled source with matched photon numbers, a heterodyne detection scheme for the returned signals across vast modes, and a cavity-enhanced quantum pulse gate for programmable mode processing. This integrated framework paves the way for the realization of practical quantum illumination systems.

•Mar 6, 2025•0 citations

Quantum Illumination via Frequency-Mode-Based Correlation-to-Displacement Conversion

Xin Chen Xin Chen, Zhibin Ye

Quantum illumination leverages entanglement to surpass classical target detection, even in high-noise environments. Remarkably, its quantum advantage persists despite entanglement degradation caused by environmental decoherence. A central challenge lies in designing optimal receivers to exploit this advantage, with the correlation-to-displacement conversion module emerging as a promising candidate. However, the practical implementation of the conversion module faces technical hurdles, primarily due to the vast number of modes involved. In this work, we address these challenges by proposing a frequency-mode entangled source with matched photon numbers, a heterodyne detection scheme for the returned signals across vast modes, and a cavity-enhanced quantum pulse gate for programmable mode processing. This integrated framework paves the way for the realization of practical quantum illumination systems.

•Mar 4, 2025•0 citations
Quantum illumination utilizes an entanglement-enhanced sensing system to outperform classical illumination in detecting a suspected target, despite the entanglement-breaking loss and noise. However, practical and optimal receiver design to fulfill the quantum advantage has been a long open problem. Recently, Shi et al. [arXiv:2207.06609 (2022)] proposed the correlation-to-displacement $(`\mathrm{C}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}_{\stackrel{P\vec}{}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{D}\text{'})$ conversion module to enable an optimal receiver design that greatly reduces the complexity of the previous known optimal receiver [Q. Zhuang, Z. Zhang, and J. H. Shapiro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 040801 (2017)]. There, the analyses of the conversion module assume an ideal target with a known reflectivity and a fixed return phase. In practical applications, however, targets often induce a random return phase; moreover, their reflectivities can have fluctuations obeying a Rayleigh distribution. In this paper, we extend the analyses of the $\mathrm{C}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}_{\stackrel{P\vec}{}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{D}$ module to realistic targets and show that the entanglement advantage is maintained albeit reduced. In particular, the conversion module allows exact and efficient performance evaluation despite the non-Gaussian nature of the quantum channel involved.
Entanglement is vulnerable to degradation in a noisy sensing scenario, but surprisingly, the quantum illumination protocol has demonstrated that its advantage can survive. However, designing a measurement system that realizes this advantage is challenging since the information is hidden in the weak correlation embedded in the noise at the receiver side. Recent progress in a correlation-to-displacement conversion module provides a route towards an optimal protocol for practical microwave quantum illumination. In this work, we extend the conversion module to accommodate experimental imperfections that are ubiquitous in microwave systems. To mitigate loss, we propose amplification of the return signals. In the case of ideal amplification, the entire six-decibel error-exponent advantage in target detection error can be maintained. However, in the case of noisy amplification, this advantage is reduced to three decibels. We analyze the quantum advantage under different scenarios with a Kennedy receiver in the final measurement. In the ideal case, the performance still achieves the optimal one over a fairly large range of error probability with only on-off detection. Empowered by photon-number-resolving detectors, the performance is further improved and also analyzed in terms of receiver operating characteristic curves. Our findings pave the way for the development of practical microwave quantum illumination systems.
Quantum illumination leverages entanglement to surpass classical target detection, even in high-noise environments. Remarkably, its quantum advantage persists despite entanglement degradation caused by environmental decoherence. A central challenge lies in designing optimal receivers to exploit this advantage, with the correlation-to-displacement (C→D) conversion module emerging as a promising candidate. However, practical implementation remains technically demanding, particularly in realizing a low-noise programmable mode selector. In this work, we propose a scheme for the C→D module that incorporates a cavity-enhanced quantum pulse gate for programmable mode processing, achieving performance close to the theoretical optimum. This integrated framework paves the way for the realization of practical quantum illumination systems.
Quantum illumination leverages entanglement to surpass classical target detection, even in high-noise environments. Remarkably, its quantum advantage persists despite entanglement degradation caused by environmental decoherence. A central challenge lies in designing optimal receivers to exploit this advantage, with the correlation-to-displacement conversion module emerging as a promising candidate. However, the practical implementation of the conversion module faces technical hurdles, primarily due to the vast number of modes involved. In this work, we address these challenges by proposing a frequency-mode entangled source with matched photon numbers, a heterodyne detection scheme for the returned signals across vast modes, and a cavity-enhanced quantum pulse gate for programmable mode processing. This integrated framework paves the way for the realization of practical quantum illumination systems.
Quantum illumination leverages entanglement to surpass classical target detection, even in high-noise environments. Remarkably, its quantum advantage persists despite entanglement degradation caused by environmental decoherence. A central challenge lies in designing optimal receivers to exploit this advantage, with the correlation-to-displacement conversion module emerging as a promising candidate. However, the practical implementation of the conversion module faces technical hurdles, primarily due to the vast number of modes involved. In this work, we address these challenges by proposing a frequency-mode entangled source with matched photon numbers, a heterodyne detection scheme for the returned signals across vast modes, and a cavity-enhanced quantum pulse gate for programmable mode processing. This integrated framework paves the way for the realization of practical quantum illumination systems.