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arXiv:2207.05926 · Physical review. E

Optimal charging of open spin-chain quantum batteries via homodyne-based feedback control

Yao Yao, Xiao‐Qiang Shao

Published Jul 27, 2022• 69 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study the problem of charging a dissipative one-dimensional XXX spin-chain quantum battery using local magnetic fields in the presence of spin decay. The introduction of quantum feedback control based on homodyne measurement contributes to improving various performances of the quantum battery, such as energy storage, ergotropy, and effective space utilization rate. For the zero-temperature environment, there is a set of optimal parameters to ensure that the spin-chain quantum battery can be fully charged and the energy stored in the battery can be fully extracted under the perfect measurement condition, which is found through the analytical calculation of a simple two-site spin-chain quantum battery and further verified by numerical simulation of a four-site spin-chain counterpart. For completeness, the adverse effects of imperfect measurement, anisotropic parameter, and finite temperature on the charging process of the quantum battery are also considered.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.106.014138

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We study the problem of charging a dissipative one-dimensional XXX spin-chain quantum battery using local magnetic fields in the presence of spin decay. The introduction of quantum feedback control based on homodyne measurement contributes to improving various performances of the quantum battery, such as energy storage, ergotropy, and effective space utilization rate. For the zero-temperature environment, there is a set of optimal parameters to ensure that the spin-chain quantum battery can be fully charged and the energy stored in the battery can be fully extracted under the perfect measurement condition, which is found through the analytical calculation of a simple two-site spin-chain quantum battery and further verified by numerical simulation of a four-site spin-chain counterpart. For completeness, the adverse effects of imperfect measurement, anisotropic parameter, and finite temperature on the charging process of the quantum battery are also considered.
The charging of an open quantum battery is investigated where the charger and the quantum battery interact with a common environment. At zero temperature, the stored energy of the battery is optimal as the charger and the quantum battery share the same coupling strength (g_{C}=g_{B}). By contrast, in the presence of the quantum jump-based feedback control, the energy stored in the battery can be greatly enhanced for different couplings (g_{C}>g_{B}). Considering the feasibility of the experiment, a model of Rydberg quantum battery is proposed with cascade-type atoms interacting with a dissipative optical cavity. The effective coupling strength between the charger (quantum battery) and the cavity field is hence adjustable and one can make the battery close to perfect excitation. The adverse factors of charging quantum batteries such as time delay for feedback, finite temperature, and spontaneous emission of Rydberg atoms are also discussed, and the result shows that the quantum battery is still able to retain a satisfactory energy storage effect.
Quantum batteries (QBs), acting as energy storage devices, have potential applications in future quantum science and technology. However, the QBs inevitably losses energy due to their interaction with environment. How to enhance the performance of the QBs in the open-system case remains an important challenge. Here we propose a scheme to realize the driven-dissipative QBs in atom-waveguide-QED systems and demonstrate significant improvements in both the stored energy and extractable work (ergotropy) of the QBs via feedback control. For a single-atom QB, we show that combining the measurement and coherent feedback controls enables nearly perfect stable charging under the weak coherent driving. For the QB array, the measurement-based feedback allows us to control different dynamical phases in the thermodynamic limit: (i) a continuous boundary time-crystal phase, where persistent periodic energy charge-discharge oscillations emerge despite the presence of the dissipation into the waveguide, and (ii) two stationary phases -- one reaches full charge while the other maintains only small energy storage. This work broadens the scope of driven-dissipative QBs and provides practical strategies for enhancing their performance.
Energy storage is a basic physical process with many applications. When considering this task at the quantum scale, it becomes important to optimise the non-equilibrium dynamics of energy transfer to the storage device or battery. Here, we tackle this problem using the methods of quantum feedback control. Specifically, we study the deposition of energy into a quantum battery via an auxiliary charger. The latter is a driven-dissipative two-level system subjected to a homodyne measurement whose output signal is fed back linearly into the driving field amplitude. We explore two different control strategies, aiming to stabilise either populations or quantum coherences in the state of the charger. In both cases, linear feedback is shown to counteract the randomising influence of environmental noise and allow for stable and effective battery charging. We analyse the effect of realistic control imprecisions, demonstrating that this good performance survives inefficient measurements and small feedback delays. Our results highlight the potential of continuous feedback for the control of energetic quantities in the quantum regime.
Quantum batteries, as highly efficient energy storage devices, have garnered significant research interest. A key challenge in their development is to maximize the extractable energy (ergotropy) when operating within a finite-temperature reservoir. To address this, we applied quantum feedback control to the charger and investigated the effects of fermionic and bosonic thermal reservoirs on the performance of quantum batteries, including stored energy, ergotropy, and charging efficiency, in an open environment. Our findings reveal that, regardless of the type of thermal reservoir, the system exhibits optimal charging parameters. In particular, in a fermionic thermal reservoir, increasing the environmental temperature enhances battery performance, enabling stable and efficient charging. In contrast, within a bosonic thermal reservoir, higher temperatures hinder energy storage and extraction, significantly reducing charging efficiency. Additionally, we explored the impact of battery size and found that, under a fermionic reservoir, increasing the battery size appropriately can further improve performance.
Quantum batteries provide a platform for investigating energy storage and extraction in quantum many-body systems. Here, we study a charging protocol in which battery and chargoid roles are assigned to different Hamiltonian components of a standalone many-body spin system. By externally controlling the contribution of the intrinsic battery Hamiltonian during charging, we reveal a tunable competition between intrinsic and charging dynamics. We find that suppressing the intrinsic battery contribution can substantially enhance both the maximum stored energy and charging power, with the magnitude of the enhancement determined by the interaction structure and range. We further investigate the protocol in a Markovian open-system setting that incorporates energy relaxation and pure dephasing. While environmental effects generally degrade charging performance, they can instead enhance energy-storage and energy-extraction dynamics in certain interacting systems. The enhancement associated with the controlled suppression of the intrinsic battery dynamics remains robust in the presence of environmental coupling.
Abstract We investigate the charging performance of an anisotropic XYZ model of Heisenberg Spin Chain Quantum Battery (HS QB) along with different components of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI) for three cases - short range, long range and infinite range interactions. We find that the presence of DMI enhances the charging power and total stored energy of the QB considered here, when compared to HS QB in most of the cases, by considering both local and collective charging protocols. The maximum stored energy increases linearly with the number of spins (N). An extensive scaling of maximum charging power with the number of spins is obtained in which the maximum power approaches a scaling exponent α = 1.846 for collective charging of the model consisting of Heisenberg spin chain with Y component of DMI under infinite range interactions. Finally, we optimize the performance of the battery by measuring the quantum energy fluctuations with in the system.