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arXiv:2206.07523

How can one use a two component Bose Einstein condensates to operationally bypass the No Cloning theorem?

Shouvik Datta

Published Jun 11, 2022• 0 citations
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Abstract

The No Cloning theorem in quantum cryptography prevents any eavesdropper from exactly duplicating an arbitrary quantum superposition state of a single photon. Here we argue that an experimental scheme to produce an interacting, two component Bose-Einstein condensates can, in principle, generate macroscopically large number of bosonic clones of any arbitrary single photon wave packet with high fidelity at large N limit of thermodynamic equilibrium using excitons or electron hole pairs. It is possible, because initially one can isolate the two orthogonal polarizations using polarizing beam splitters and then amplify the corresponding single photon wave packets identically but separately. This is to ensure that the amplified beams can be used to generate proportionately same, yet large numbers of bosons to produce two distinct but interacting condensates using additional light matter interactions within a semiconductor structure. One can then extract the cloned photons once the identical excitons in the two-component quantum ground state of the condensate radiatively recombine. Thus the overall cloning process can operationally bypass the restrictions imposed by the above mentioned theorem. This is because the quantum statistical nature of this proposed cloning operation does not require any strict unitary evolution of standard quantum mechanics within a single Hilbert space.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2206.07523

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The No Cloning theorem in quantum cryptography prevents any eavesdropper from exactly duplicating an arbitrary quantum superposition state of a single photon. Here we argue that an experimental scheme to produce an interacting, two component Bose-Einstein condensates can, in principle, generate macroscopically large number of bosonic clones of any arbitrary single photon wave packet with high fidelity at large N limit of thermodynamic equilibrium using excitons or electron hole pairs. It is possible, because initially one can isolate the two orthogonal polarizations using polarizing beam splitters and then amplify the corresponding single photon wave packets identically but separately. This is to ensure that the amplified beams can be used to generate proportionately same, yet large numbers of bosons to produce two distinct but interacting condensates using additional light matter interactions within a semiconductor structure. One can then extract the cloned photons once the identical excitons in the two-component quantum ground state of the condensate radiatively recombine. Thus the overall cloning process can operationally bypass the restrictions imposed by the above mentioned theorem. This is because the quantum statistical nature of this proposed cloning operation does not require any strict unitary evolution of standard quantum mechanics within a single Hilbert space.
No-cloning theorem in quantum cryptography prevents an eavesdropper from perfectly duplicating any arbitrary quantum state. Here we argue that an experimental scheme to produce a quantum superposition of interacting Bose-Einstein condensates can generate N bosonic clones of any arbitrary single quantum state at large N limit of thermodynamic equilibrium with high fidelity and thus operationally ‘bypass’ the restrictions imposed by the above mentioned theorem. This is possible because quantum statistical nature of this ‘cloning operation’ does not require strict unitary evolution of standard quantum mechanics within a single Hilbert space.
No-cloning theorem in quantum cryptography prevents an eavesdropper from perfectly duplicating any arbitrary quantum state. Here we argue that an experimental scheme to produce a quantum superposition of interacting Bose-Einstein condensates can generate N bosonic clones of any arbitrary single quantum state at large N limit of thermodynamic equilibrium with high fidelity and thus operationally ‘bypass’ the restrictions imposed by the above mentioned theorem. This is possible because quantum statistical nature of this ‘cloning operation’ does not require strict unitary evolution of standard quantum mechanics within a single Hilbert space.
Two component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) have been recently shown to be viable systems for storing and manipulating quantum information. Unlike standard single-particle qubits, the quantum information is duplicated in a large number of identical bosonic particles, thus can be considered to be a macroscopic qubit. The duplication of the quantum information makes them potentially more robust than conventional qubits, where all the quantum information is lost with a single error. It has been shown theoretically and experimentally that such ensembles can be used in many ways the same way as a standard qubit: they can be visualized on the Bloch sphere, and can be manipulated analogously to standard qubits. On the other hand, the BEC qubits do not have genuine interaction between each other and one of the main difficulties with such a system is how to effectively interact them together in order to transfer quantum information and create entanglement. Furthermore, the larger Hilbert space of the macroscopic bosonic system does not allow for unique mapping of standard quantum algorithms. However, in a few past years the main building blocks of quantum information processing and several quantum algorithms were translated to the BEC qubits. In this paper we give a brief colloquium of the current achievements and outline new perspectives of the use of BEC qubits and spin-coherent ensembles for quantum technologies.
Two component (spinor) Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) are considered as the nodes of an interconnected quantum network. Unlike standard single-system qubits, in a BEC the quantum information is duplicated in a large number of identical bosonic particles, thus can be considered to be a 'macroscopic' qubit. One of the difficulties with such a system is how to effectively interact such qubits together in order to transfer quantum information and create entanglement. Here we propose a scheme of cavities containing spinor BECs coupled by optical fiber in order to achieve this task. We discuss entanglement generation and quantum state transfer between nodes using such macroscopic BEC qubits.
This work reports on an extended research endeavor focused on the theoretical and experimental realization of a macroscopic quantum superposition (MQS) made up of photons. This intriguing, fundamental quantum condition is at the core of a famous argument conceived by Schr\"odinger in 1935. The main experimental challenge to the actual realization of this object resides generally in unavoidable and uncontrolled interactions with the environment, i.e., ``decoherence,'' leading to the cancellation of any evidence of the quantum features associated with the macroscopic system. The present scheme is based on a nonlinear process, ``quantum-injected optical parametric amplification,''which, by a linearized cloning process maps the quantum coherence of a single-particle state, i.e., a microqubit, onto a macroqubit consisting of a large number MMM of photons in quantum superposition. Since the adopted scheme was found resilient to decoherence, a MQS demonstration was carried out experimentally at room temperature with $M\ensuremath{\ge}{10}^{4}$. The result led to an extended study of quantum cloning, quantum amplification, and quantum decoherence. The related theory is outlined and several experiments are reviewed, such as the test of the ``no-signaling theorem'' and the dynamical interaction of the photon MQS with a Bose-Einstein condensate. In addition, the consideration of the microqubit-macroqubit entanglement regime is extended to macroqubit-macroqubit conditions. The MQS interference patterns for large MMM are revealed in the experiment and bipartite microqubit-macroqubit entanglement was also demonstrated for a limited number of generated particles: $M\ensuremath{\precsim}12$. Finally, the perspectives opened by this new method for further studies on quantum foundations and quantum measurement are considered.