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arXiv:2205.14739 · Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

Entanglement harvesting of inertially moving Unruh-DeWitt detectors in Minkowski spacetime

Cendikiawan Suryaatmadja, Robert B. Mann, Wan Cong

Published Oct 11, 2022• 15 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the effects of relative motion on entanglement harvesting by considering a pair of Unruh-Dewitt detectors moving at arbitrary but independent and constant velocities, both linearly interacting with a massless scalar field vacuum in four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. Working within the weak coupling approximation, we find that the negativity is a (nonelementary) function of the relative velocity of the detectors, as well as their energy gaps and minimal separation. We find parameter regions where negativity increases with velocity up to a maximum and then decreases, reaching zero at some sublight velocity. At any given relative velocity, the harvested entanglement is inversely correlated with the detector energy gap (at sufficiently high values) and the distance of closest approach of two detectors.

DOI
10.1103/physrevd.106.076002

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Abstract We study the phenomenon of entanglement extraction from the vacuum of a massless scalar field in (1 + 1) dimensional spacetime in presence of a moving Dirichlet boundary condition, i.e. mirror spacetime, using two inertial Unruh-DeWitt detectors. We consider a variety of non-trivial trajectories for these accelerating mirrors and find (1) an entanglement inhibition phenomenon similar to that recently seen for black holes, as well as (2) trajectory-independent entanglement enhancement in some regimes. We show that the qualitative result obtained is the same for both linear and derivative couplings of the detector with the field.
We investigate how entangled inertial Unruh-DeWitt detectors are affected by interaction with a quantum field using a nonperturbative method. Inertial detectors in a (3+13+13+1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime with instantaneous switching ($\ensuremath{\delta}$-switching) experience degradation of their initial entanglement as their coupling strength with a scalar field increases. Somewhat surprisingly, initially separable or weakly entangled detectors can extract mutual information from the vacuum. We also find that entanglement degradation is not reduced if communication via the field is possible; rather this only changes the manner in which entanglement is degraded.
Entanglement Harvesting with Moving Mirrors in (1+1)(1+1)(1+1) Dimensions
We study the phenomenon of entanglement extraction from the vacuum of a massless scalar field in (1+1)(1+1)(1+1) dimensional spacetime in presence of a moving Dirichlet boundary condition, i.e. mirror spacetime, using two inertial Unruh-DeWitt detectors. We consider a variety of non-trivial trajectories for these accelerating mirrors and find (1) an entanglement inhibition phenomenon similar to that recently seen for black holes, as well as (2) trajectory-independent entanglement enhancement in some regimes. We show that the qualitative result obtained is the same for both linear and derivative couplings of the detector with the field.
We study bipartite entanglement harvesting from the quantum vacuum of a massless scalar field between two subsystems, each composed of a finite number of Unruh-DeWitt detectors. Using perturbation theory, we show that the leading-order negativity is fully determined by a submatrix of the reduced density matrix, with the submatrix dimension scaling only linearly with the number of detectors. Within this framework, we analyze how the detectors' spatial arrangement influences harvesting. For all three-detector configurations and several symmetric four-detector configurations, we derive analytic expressions for the negativity and identify the configurations that maximize it. For a linear chain, we find that the harvested entanglement scales linearly with the number of detectors. These results clarify how to arrange multiple detectors to optimize harvesting and show that increasing their number broadens the ranges of energy gaps and separations over which entanglement can be extracted from the field.
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We study the properties of the transition probability and entanglement harvesting phenomenon for circularly accelerated detectors locally interacting with massless scalar fields. The dependence of the transition probability on the parameters associated with the circular motion is first analyzed in detail. By a cross-comparison with the situation of the uniformly accelerated motion, we obtain that the transition probability and the possible thermalization behavior for detectors rotating with an extremely large circular radius are analogous to that for uniformly accelerated detectors, but for a very small linear speed and a large acceleration, the effective temperature which characterizes the detectors' thermalization in a finite duration is much lower than that for uniformly accelerated detectors. We then focus on the phenomenon of entanglement harvesting in two special situations of circular trajectories, i.e., the coaxial rotation and the mutually perpendicular axial rotation by examining the concurrence as the entanglement measure in detail. We find that when two circularly accelerated detectors have equivalent acceleration and size of circular trajectory, the harvested entanglement rapidly decays with increasing acceleration or separation between two detectors. In contrast with the situation of uniform acceleration, the angular velocity would have significant impacts on entanglement harvesting. Especially for those detectors circularly moving in different directions, both the acceleration and trajectory radius play an important inhibiting role in entanglement harvesting. When two circularly accelerated detectors have different values of acceleration or angular velocity, we find that the entanglement can still be extracted by such detectors, even in the situation that one detector is at rest and the other is in a circular motion.