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arXiv:2205.03823 · Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Quantum Battery Based on Superabsorption

Yudai Ueki, Shunsuke Kamimura, Yuichiro Matsuzaki, Kyo Yoshida, 康弘 都倉

Published Nov 28, 2022• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A quantum battery is a device where an energy is charged by using a quantum effect. Here, we propose a quantum battery with a charger system composed of $N$ qubits by utilizing a collective effect called a superabsorption. Importantly, the coupling strength between the quantum battery and charger system can be enhanced due to an entanglement. While the charger time scales as $Θ\left(N^{-1/2}\right)$ by applying a conventional scheme, we can achieve a charging time $Θ\left(N^{-1}\right)$ in our scheme. Our results open the path to ultra-fast charging of a quantum battery.

DOI
10.7566/jpsj.91.124002

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A quantum battery is a device where an energy is charged by using a quantum effect. Here, we propose a quantum battery with a charger system composed of NNN qubits by utilizing a collective effect called a superabsorption. Importantly, the coupling strength between the quantum battery and charger system can be enhanced due to an entanglement. While the charger time scales as Θ(N−1/2)Θ\left(N^{-1/2}\right)Θ(N−1/2) by applying a conventional scheme, we can achieve a charging time Θ(N−1)Θ\left(N^{-1}\right)Θ(N−1) in our scheme. Our results open the path to ultra-fast charging of a quantum battery.
Arbitrary energy transfer is only feasible in nondissipative charger-battery systems; in realistic processes, however, energy dissipation prevents this. In this work, we introduce a novel charging technique in which the coherent charger-battery interaction is replaced by a dissipative interaction via an engineered reservoir. We demonstrate that exploiting the collective effects of the engineered reservoir allows for additional optimization, giving rise to an optimal redistribution of energy. This not only significantly enhances the efficiency of the charging process but also remarkably enables the quantum battery to accumulate unlimited energy---limited only by the natural energy scale of the device. This phenomenon cannot occur in conventional charger-battery schemes. The article unveils the intricacies of built-in detuning within the context of a shared environment, offering a deeper understanding of the charging mechanisms involved. These findings apply naturally to quantum circuit battery architectures, suggesting the feasibility of efficient energy storage in these systems. The superoptimal charging mechanism offers a practical avenue for boosting the capacity of the battery through charger-battery configurations.
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Quantum battery works as a micro- or nanodevice to store and redistribute energy at the quantum level. Here we propose a spin-charger protocol, in which the battery cells are charged by a finite number of spins through a general Heisenberg XY interaction. Under the isotropic interaction, the spin-charger protocol is endowed with a higher capacity in terms of the maximum stored energy than the conventional protocols, where the battery is charged by a continuous-variable system, e.g., a cavity mode. By tuning the charger size, a tradeoff between the maximum stored energy and the average charging power is found in comparison to the cavity-charger protocol in the Tavis-Cummings model. Quantum advantage of our protocol is manifested by the scaling behavior of the optimal average power with respect to the battery size, in comparing the collective charging scheme to its parallel counterpart. We also discuss the detrimental effect on the charging performance from the anisotropic interaction between the battery and the charger, the nonideal initial states for both of them, and the crosstalk among the charger spins. A strong charger-charger interaction can be used to decouple the battery and the charger. Our findings about the advantages of the spin-charger protocol over the conventional cavity-charger protocols, including the high capacity of energy storage and the superior power law in the collective charging, provide an insight to exploit an efficient quantum battery based on the spin-spin-environment model.
Abstract Quantum batteries (QBs)—small-scale energy storage devices based on quantum systems—offer the potential for enhanced charging performance through quantum effects such as coherence and collectivity. In this work, we study the collective charging of QBs consisting of N qubits, coupled to a driven qubit charger in a star configuration, with controlled pure dephasing acting on the charger. We investigate how an ‘asymptotic freedom’-like behavior—in which all the energy deposited into the battery can be extracted as work, resulting in the ergotropy-to-energy ratio approaching unity—can emerge in the steady state of the battery. We show that the ergotropy-to-energy ratio increases with the number of qubits and approaches unity asymptotically as 1 − O ( 1 / N ) . In the large- N limit, the emergence of approximate ground-state degeneracy of the collective battery system leads to this asymptotic freedom behavior, despite the battery state remaining mixed. We also discuss the scaling behavior of the charging time of the battery with N .
We propose a design of a quantum battery exploiting the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian as a charger. In particular, starting with the ground or the thermal state of the interacting (noninteracting) Hamiltonian as the battery, the charging of the battery is performed via parity-time (PT\mathcal{PT}PT)- and rotational-time (RT\mathcal{RT}RT)-symmetric Hamiltonians to store energy. We report that such a quenching with a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian leads to an enhanced power output compared to a battery with a Hermitian charger. We identify the region in the parameter space which provides the gain in performance. We also demonstrate that the improvements persist with the increase of system size for batteries with both PT\mathcal{PT}PT- and RT\mathcal{RT}RT-symmetric chargers. In the PT\mathcal{PT}PT-symmetric case, although the anisotropy of the XY\mathrm{XY}XY model does not help in the performance, we show that the XXZ\mathrm{XXZ}XXZ model as a battery with a non-Hermitian charger performs better than that of the XX\mathrm{XX}XX model having certain interaction strengths. We also exhibit that the advantage of non-Hermiticity remains valid even at finite temperatures in the initial states.
Quantum batteries (QBs) exploit collective quantum resources to surpass the limits of classical energy storage and power delivery. We analyze N -qubit cavity-coupled QBs governed by Dicke and Tavis-Cummings models under Gaussian driving and open-system dynamics. Finite-size scaling laws O ( N ) ∼ N α demonstrate an optimal region of relaxation and dephasing where coherent driving stabilizes entanglement entropy growth for thermodynamic observables (maximum energy E max , charging time τ , and maximum power P ¯ max ) and for qubit and cavity entanglement entropies. The Dicke model exhibits entropy-suppressed extensive behavior, while the Tavis-Cummings model achieves superextensive scaling with α E max ∈ [ 1.08 , 1.26 ] , α τ ≈ − 0.49 , and α P ¯ max ∈ [ 1.57 , 1.73 ] , supported by qubit-cavity entanglement. We demonstrate that dissipation can act as a stabilizer source, yielding scaling benchmarks that are relevant to several experimental platforms. Our findings connect entanglement, dissipation-enhanced scaling laws, and superabsorption, outlining a pathway toward scalable quantum batteries offering practical quantum advantage.