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arXiv:2204.14120 · Physical Review Research

Persistent current oscillations in a double-ring quantum gas

Thomas Bland, I. V. Yatsuta, Mark Edwards, Y. O. Nikolaieva, Artem Oliinyk, A. I. Yakimenko, Nick P. Proukakis

Published Dec 8, 2022• 20 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

By introducing a repulsive barrier at the interface between two density-coupled rings of ultracold atoms, a persistent current can oscillate between the rings. The phenomenon persists indefinitely in the limit of zero temperature, but it decays at finite temperature and can even be suppressed completely in the limit of large damping.
DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.4.043171

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Abstract Quenching an ultracold bosonic gas in a ring across the Bose–Einstein condensation phase transition is known, and has been experimentally observed, to lead to the spontaneous emergence of persistent currents. The present work examines how these phenomena generalize to a system of two experimentally accessible explicitly two-dimensional co-planar rings with a common interface, or to the related lemniscate geometry, and demonstrates an emerging independence of winding numbers across the rings, which can exhibit flow both in the same and in opposite directions. The observed persistence of such findings in the presence of dissipative coupled evolution due to the local character of the domain formation across the phase transition and topological protection of the randomly emerging winding numbers should be within current experimental reach.
The persistent current in small isolated rings enclosing magnetic flux is the current circulating in equilibrium in the absence of an external excitation. While initially studied in superconducting and normal metals, recently, atomic persistent currents have been generated in ultracold gases spurring a new wave of theoretical investigations. Nevertheless, our understanding of the persistent currents in interacting systems is far from complete, especially at finite temperatures. Here we consider the fermionic one-dimensional Hubbard model and show that in the strong-interacting limit, the current can change its flux period and sign (diamagnetic or paramagnetic) as a function of temperature, features that cannot be explained within the single-particle or Luttinger liquid techniques. Also, the magnitude of the current can counterintuitively increase with temperature, in addition to presenting different rates of decay depending on the polarization of the system. Our work highlights the properties of the strongly interacting multicomponent systems that are missed by conventional approximation techniques, but can be important for the interpretation of experiments on persistent currents in ultracold gases.
© 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.Quenching an ultracold bosonic gas in a ring across the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition is known, and has been experimentally observed, to lead to the spontaneous emergence of persistent currents. The present work examines how these phenomena generalize to a system of two experimentally accessible explicitly two-dimensional co-planar rings with a common interface, or to the related lemniscate geometry, and demonstrates an emerging independence of winding numbers across the rings, which can exhibit flow both in the same and in opposite directions. The observed persistence of such findings in the presence of dissipative coupled evolution due to the local character of the domain formation across the phase transition and topological protection of the randomly emerging winding numbers should be within current experimental reach.
We investigate the stability of persistent currents in superfluid fermionic gases confined to a ring geometry. Our study, conducted at zero temperature using time-dependent density functional theory, cover interaction regimes from strong (unitary Fermi gas) to weak (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer regime) couplings. Stability is tested against the presence of an external defect within the ring. The dissipation mechanism associated with vortex generation is present in all interaction regimes. Vortex emission is accompanied by Cooper pair breaking, which occurs even beyond the vortex core in the weakly interacting regime. The pair-breaking mechanism prevents the imprinting of a persistent current with a winding number above a threshold, which decreases as the system approach the BCS regime. Our study reveals the existence of two types of critical winding numbers above which currents cease to be persistent in Fermi superfluids: one related to the proliferation of quantum vortices and the other to the onset of the pair-breaking mechanism.