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arXiv:2204.13407 · Journal of Statistical Physics

Implementing Bogoliubov Transformations Beyond the Shale–Stinespring Condition

Sascha Lill

Published Mar 25, 2025• 1 citation
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Abstract

We define infinite tensor product spaces that extend Fock space, and allow for implementing Bogoliubov transformations which violate the Shale or Shale-Stinespring condition. So an implementation on the usual Fock space would not be possible. Both the bosonic and fermionic case are covered. Conditions for implementability in an extended sense are stated and proved. From these, we derive conditions for a quadratic Hamiltonian to be diagonalizable by a Bogoliubov transformation that is implementable in the extended sense. We apply our results to Bogoliubov transformations from quadratic bosonic interactions and BCS models, where the Shale or Shale-Stinespring condition is violated, but an extended implementation nevertheless works.

DOI
10.1007/s10955-025-03415-y

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We define infinite tensor product spaces that extend Fock space, and allow for implementing Bogoliubov transformations which violate the Shale or Shale-Stinespring condition. So an implementation on the usual Fock space would not be possible. Both the bosonic and fermionic case are covered. Conditions for implementability in an extended sense are stated and proved. From these, we derive conditions for a quadratic Hamiltonian to be diagonalizable by a Bogoliubov transformation that is implementable in the extended sense. We apply our results to Bogoliubov transformations from quadratic bosonic interactions and BCS models, where the Shale or Shale-Stinespring condition is violated, but an extended implementation nevertheless works.
On the bosonic Fock space, a family of Bogoliubov transformations corresponding to a strongly continuous one-parameter group of symplectic maps R(t) is considered. Under suitable assumptions on the generator A of this group, which guarantee that the induced representations of CCR are unitarily equivalent for all time t, it is known that the unitary operator U_{nat}(t) which implement this transformation gives a prjective unitary representation of R(t). Under rather general assumptions on the generator A, we prove that the corresponding Bogoliubov transformations can be implemented by a one-parameter group U(t) of unitary operators. The generator of U(t) will be called a Bogoliubov Hamiltonian. We will introduce two kinds of Bogoliubov Hamiltonians (type I and II) and give conditions so that they are well defined.
The features of the paper are these: 1) we discuss {\bf especially} quadratic (alias bilinear) Bose-Hamiltonians, the related Bogoliubov transformations and {\bf especially} quasi-free-like (alias coherent or Fock-like) states 2) we discuss {\bf any} quadratic Bose-Hamiltonians and Bogoliubov transformations, whether diagonalizable or not, whether proper or improper, and {\bf arbitrary} quasi-free-like states, whether regular or non-regular they are 3) we associate notions and terms of the CCRs theory {CCRs = Canonical Commutation Relations} with notions and terms of the indefinite inner product spaces theory. Then, we apply the corresponding `bilingual dictionary' so as to construct invariant states of some of the quadratic Hamiltonians.
This thesis is concerned with the properties of dynamical systems with Hamiltonians which are general quadratic combinations of classical or quantum canonical variables or of Boson or Fermion annihilation and creation operators.Chapter I, consisting of six sections, deals mainly with sets of canonical forms for quadratic Hamiltonians under the action of the group of linear canonical transformations.By viewing the group of C.C.R.Bogoliubov transformations as Sp(2tf, i?) , a full set of canonical Boson Hamiltonians, labelled by the invariants for symplectic conjugacy classes, is obtained.Since the conjugacy class of a real orthogonal matrix is determined by its eigenvalues, there is only one type of canonical form for quadratic Fermion Hamiltonians.Unlike the Fermion case, indefinite Boson Hamiltonians can not in general be reduced to a sum of quasi-particle number operators.However, it is shown how spectral theory in Krein space rigorizes the full reduction of a strictly positive quadratic Boson Hamiltonian for which the single particle space is infinite dimensional.In the case of infinite degrees of freedom, there are various existence criteria for a unitary operator which implements a given Bogoliubov transformation and the equivalence of these is discussed in Section 6.Cahpter II, consisting of seven sections, applies the techniques of Chapter I to algebraic quantization.The Boson commutation relations , among formal mode operators obtained in heuristic quantization, are shown to be incompatible with the canonical commutation relations among conjugate variables unless the motion is stable.Segal quantization of any real
A detailed analysis of and a general decomposition theorem for in general unbounded symplectic transformations on an arbitrary complex pre-Hilbert space (one–boson test function space) are given. The structure of strongly continuous symplectic groups on such spaces is determined. The connection between quadratic Hamiltonians, Bogoliubov transformations, and symplectic transformations is discussed in the Fock representation, and their relevance for squeezing operations in quantum optics is pointed out. The results for this rather general class of transformations are proved in a self-contained fashion.
Bogoliubov Transformations Beyond Shale–Stinespring: Generic v∗v v^* v v∗v for Bosons