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arXiv:2203.12305 · Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

Magnetodipolar interaction and quasiparticles delocalization in disordered quantum magnets

Oleg I. Utesov

Published Jun 28, 2022• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169640

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The localization properties of quasiparticle pairs above a frozen Fermi sea in the two- and three-dimensional Anderson model with Hubbard interaction are investigated. The dependence of the width Γ of the local spectral density on the pair excitation energy ε2, the disorder W, the interaction strength U and the linear system size L is determined. The obtained results allow to emphasize an interaction-induced pair delocalization effect even when the quasiparticles remain individually localized. The corresponding mobility edge is further estimated and the disorder versus interaction phase diagram is determined. Further investigations focusing on the spectral properties of the system and the transition from Poisson to Wigner-Dyson statistics corroborate these conclusions. The relevance of this effect with respect to the one-quasiparticle lifetime is finally discussed.
It has recently been established that a short-range interaction can strongly delocalize a pair of particles moving in a disordered potential. We investigate whether an analogous effect exists also for pairs of quasiparticles in the Anderson insulator by employing an approximate numerical evaluation of the two-particle Green function of the many-body system. At the Fermi energy, the quasiparticle pair is localized on the scale of the single-particle localization length. The delocalization effect is recovered when the excitation energy of the pair is comparable to the bandwidth.
Disordered superconductors offer new impedance regimes for quantum circuits, enable a pathway to protected qubits, and can improve superconducting detectors due to their high kinetic inductance and sheet resistance. The performance of these devices can be limited, however, by quasiparticles—the fundamental excitations of a superconductor. While experiments have shown that disorder affects the relaxation of quasiparticles drastically, the microscopic mechanisms are still not understood. We address this issue by measuring quasiparticle relaxation in a disordered β-Ta film, which we pattern as the inductor of a microwave resonator. We observe that quasiparticle recombination is governed by the phonon scattering time, which is faster than conventional recombination in ordered superconductors. We interpret the results as recombination of localized quasiparticles, induced by disorder, which first delocalize via phonon absorption. We analyze quasiparticle relaxation measurements on superconductors with different degrees of disorder and conclude that this phenomenon is inherent to disordered superconductors. The authors study a disordered β-Ta film, finding that quasiparticle recombination is governed by the phonon scattering time, which is faster than conventional recombination in ordered superconductors. The authors interpret the results in terms of quasiparticle localization, which helps to understand the quasiparticle relaxation in disordered superconducting circuits.