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arXiv:2201.12575 · Physical Review Research

Giant atoms with time-dependent couplings

Lei Du, Yao-Tong Chen, Yan Zhang, Yong Li

Published Jun 7, 2022• 63 citations
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Abstract

We study the decay dynamics of a two-level giant atom that is coupled to a waveguide with time-dependent coupling strengths. In the non-Markovian regime where the retardation effect cannot be ignored, we show that the dynamics of the atom depends on the atom-waveguide coupling strengths at an earlier time. This allows one to tailor the decay dynamics of the giant atom and even realize a stationary population revival with appropriate coupling modulations. Moreover, we demonstrate the possibility of simulating the quantum Zeno and quantum anti-Zeno effects in the giant-atom model with periodic coupling quenches. These results have potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum network engineering.

DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.4.023198

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We study the decay dynamics of a two-level giant atom that is coupled to a waveguide with time-dependent coupling strengths. In the non-Markovian regime where the retardation effect cannot be ignored, we show that the dynamics of the atom depends on the atom-waveguide coupling strengths at an earlier time. This allows one to tailor the decay dynamics of the giant atom and even realize a stationary population revival with appropriate coupling modulations. Moreover, we demonstrate the possibility of simulating the quantum Zeno and quantum anti-Zeno effects in the giant-atom model with periodic coupling quenches. These results have potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum network engineering.
We study the disentanglement dynamics of two giant atoms coupled to a common one-dimensional waveguide. We focus on the non-Markovian retarded effect in the disentanglement of the two giant atoms by taking the photon transmission time into account. By solving the time-delayed equations of motion for the probability amplitudes, we obtain the evolution of the entanglement of the two giant atoms, which are initially in the maximally entangled states in the single-excitation space. It is found that the retardation-induced non-Markovianity leads to nonexponential decay and revivals of entanglement. Concretely, we consider separate-, braided-, and nested-coupling configurations, and find that the disentanglement dynamics in these configurations exhibits different features. We demonstrate that the steady-state entanglement depends on the time delay under certain conditions in these three coupling configurations. We also study the dependence of the disentanglement of the two giant atoms on both the detuning effect and the initial-state phase effect. In addition, we consider the disentanglement dynamics of the two giant atoms, which are initially in the state superposed by zero-excitation and two-excitation components. This work will pave the way for the generation of stationary entanglement between two giant atoms, which may have potential applications in the construction of large-scale quantum networks based on the giant-atom waveguide-QED systems.
Giant atoms are known for the frequency-dependent spontaneous emission and associated interference effects. In this paper, we study the spontaneous emission dynamics of a two-level giant atom with dynamically modulated transition frequency. It is shown that the retarded feedback effect of the giant-atom system is greatly modified by a dynamical phase arising from the frequency modulation and the retardation effect itself. Interestingly, such a modification can in turn suppress the retarded feedback such that the giant atom behaves like a small one. By introducing an additional phase difference between the two atom-waveguide coupling paths, we also demonstrate the possibility of realizing chiral and tunable temporal profiles of the output fields. The results in this paper have potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum network engineering.
We study the generation of quantum entanglement between two giant atoms coupled to a common one-dimensional waveguide. Here each giant atom interacts with the waveguide at two separate coupling points. Within the Wigner-Weisskopf framework for single coupling points, we obtain the time-delayed quantum master equations governing the evolution of the two giant atoms for three different coupling configurations: separated, braided, and nested couplings. For each coupling configuration, we consider both the Markovian and non-Markovian entanglement dynamics of the giant atoms, which are initially in two different separable states: single- and double-excitation states. Our results show that the generated entanglement depends on the phase shift, time delay, atomic initial state, and the coupling configuration. For the single-excitation initial state, there exists the steady-state entanglement for each coupling in both the Markovian and non-Markovian regimes due to the appearance of the dark state. For the double-excitation initial state, we observe entanglement sudden birth via adjusting the phase shift in both regimes. In particular, the maximally achievable entanglement for the nested coupling is about one order of magnitude larger than those of separate and braided couplings. We also find that the maximal entanglement for these three coupling configurations can be enhanced in the case of small time delays. This work can be utilized for the generation and control of entanglement in quantum networks based on giant-atom waveguide-QED systems, which have wide potential applications in quantum information processing.
Giant atoms are attracting interest as an emerging paradigm in the quantum optics of engineered waveguides. Here we propose to realize a synthetic giant atom working in the optical regime starting from a pair of interacting Rydberg atoms driven by a coherent field and coupled to a photonic crystal waveguide. Giant-atom effects can be observed as a phase-dependent decay of the double Rydberg excitation during the initial evolution of this atomic pair while (internal) atomic entanglement is exhibited at later times. Such an intriguing entanglement onset occurs in the presence of intrinsic atomic decay toward non-guided vacuum modes and is accompanied by an anti-bunching correlation of the emitted photons. Our findings may be relevant to quantum information processing, besides broadening the giant-atom waveguide physics with optically driven natural atoms.
The giant atom system is a new paradigm in quantum optics, in which the traditional dipole approximation is not available. In this paper, we construct an artificial giant atom model by coupling a superconducting circuits to a transmission line by two coupling points. In the ultrastrong coupling regime, we show that the Lamb shift of the giant atom, which is induced by the non-negligible counter-rotating atom-waveguide coupling term, will modify its dissipation process. Furthermore, we investigate quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effect where the size of the giant atom serves as a sensitive controller. Specifically, by comparing the critical measurement interval and the life time of the giant atom, we clarify the condition for the occurring of quantum anti-Zeno effect. We hope our work is useful for the application of giant atom system in the investigation of fundamental problems of quantum mechanics.
We explore the collective Zeno dynamics of giant artificial atoms that are coupled, via multiple coupling points, to a common photonic or acoustic reservoir. In this regime, the establishment of atomic cooperativity and the revivification of exponential decay are highly intertwined, which is utterly beyond the non-Markovian regime with only retarded backaction. We reveal that giant atoms build up their collective emission smoothly from the decay rate of zero to that predicted by Markovian approximation and show great disparity between different waveguide QED setups. As a comparison, the steplike growth of instantaneous decay rates in the retardation-only picture has also been shown. All of these theoretical pictures predict the same collective behavior in the long time limit. From a phenomenological standpoint, we observe that the atomic superradiance exhibits significant directional property. In addition, the subradiant photons feature prolonged oscillation in the early stage of collective radiance, where the energy is exchanged remarkably between giant emitters and the field. Our results might be probed in state-of-art waveguide QED experiments and fundamentally broaden the fields of collective emission in systems with giant atoms. Published by the American Physical Society 2024