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arXiv:2201.07005 · Physica Scripta

Landau-type sudden transitions of quantum correlations

Mikhail A. Yurischev

Published Feb 15, 2022• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Sudden changes of quantum correlations in the Bell-diagonal states are well-known effects. They occur when the set of optimal parameters that determine the quantum correlation consists of isolated points and optimal parameters during the evolution of the system jump from one such point to another (e.g., the optimal measurement angle of the quantum discord changes discontinuously from zero to π /2 or vice versa). However, when considering more general X quantum states, we found that quantum discord and one-way quantum work deficit can experience sudden changes of other kinds. Namely, the optimal measurement angle may suddenly start to shift continuously from its stationary value 0 or π /2 to an intermediate optimal measurement angle ϑ ∈ (0, π /2). This leads to a new behavior of quantum correlations, which is mathematically described by the Landau phenomenological theory of second-order phase transitions. In addition, for the one-way quantum work deficit, we found cases where the optimal measurement angle jumps from zero to a nonzero step less than π /2, and then continuously changes its value. This behavior of quantum correlation is similar to a first-order phase transition in Landau’s theory. Dependencies of quantum discord and one-way quantum work deficit near the boundaries, which separate regions with state-dependent (variable) and state-independent (stationary, constant) optimal measurement angles, are examined in detail on an example of the XXZ spin model in an external field at thermal equilibrium.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ac518d

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Abstract Sudden changes of quantum correlations in the Bell-diagonal states are well-known effects. They occur when the set of optimal parameters that determine the quantum correlation consists of isolated points and optimal parameters during the evolution of the system jump from one such point to another (e.g., the optimal measurement angle of the quantum discord changes discontinuously from zero to π /2 or vice versa). However, when considering more general X quantum states, we found that quantum discord and one-way quantum work deficit can experience sudden changes of other kinds. Namely, the optimal measurement angle may suddenly start to shift continuously from its stationary value 0 or π /2 to an intermediate optimal measurement angle ϑ ∈ (0, π /2). This leads to a new behavior of quantum correlations, which is mathematically described by the Landau phenomenological theory of second-order phase transitions. In addition, for the one-way quantum work deficit, we found cases where the optimal measurement angle jumps from zero to a nonzero step less than π /2, and then continuously changes its value. This behavior of quantum correlation is similar to a first-order phase transition in Landau’s theory. Dependencies of quantum discord and one-way quantum work deficit near the boundaries, which separate regions with state-dependent (variable) and state-independent (stationary, constant) optimal measurement angles, are examined in detail on an example of the XXZ spin model in an external field at thermal equilibrium.
The spin-1/2 XXZ chain in a uniform magnetic field at thermal equilibrium is considered. For this model, we give phase diagrams for the one-way quantum work deficit (thermal discord). The diagrams can contain regions with both stationary and variable (state-dependent) angles of optimal measurement. We also established a relationship between the behavior of optimal measurement angles near the boundaries separated different regions and Landau’s theory of phase transitions of the second and first kind. Namely, when crossing the boundary from a region with a stationary optimal measurement angle (0 or π/2) to the region with a variable angle of optimal measurement (0 < ϑ < π/2), quantum discord and one-way quantum work deficit experience a sudden change (“catastrophe”) in their behavior. The sudden change is accompanied by a splitting of the minimum characterizing stationary point of quantum correlation into two minima (i.e., bifurcation of the initial single minimum occurs). Such phenomena are analogous to phase transitions described within the Landau theory, or, more generally, by the mathematical formalism of catastrophe theory.
The one-way quantum work deficit, a measure of quantum correlation, exhibits the regions with the bimodal behavior of post-measurement entropy versus the measurement angle θ ε (0, π/2). Under certain conditions this can lead to the finite jumps Δν> 0 of optimal measurement angle ν from the endpoint 0 or π/2 to the interior minimum and vice versa. In turn, such sudden jumps lead to the fractures, i.e., non-analytical points on the dependencies of quantum correlation upon the state parameters. We examine a possibility to experimentally observe these phenomena on an example of three-component mixture consisting of one pair of Bell-diagonal states and a basis state orthogonal to the Bell ones. Observation of named effects, beyond their intrinsic interest, could demonstrate the experimental ability in controlling and manipulating the quantum states.
It is known that quantum discord might experience a sudden transition in its dynamics when calculated for certain Bell-diagonal states (BDS) that are in interaction with their surroundings. We examine this phenomenon, known as the sudden change of quantum discord, considering the case of two qubits independently interacting with dephasing reservoirs. We first demonstrate that, for a class of initial states which can be chosen arbitrarily close to BDS, the transition is in fact not sudden, although it might numerically appear so if not studied carefully. Then, we provide an extension of this discussion covering the X\mathsf{X}X-shaped density matrices. Our findings suggest that the transition of quantum discord might be sudden only for an highly idealized zero-measure subset of states within the set of all possible initial conditions of two qubits.
Abstract The dynamics of quantum discord for two qubits independently interacting with dephasing reservoirs have been studied recently. The authors [Phys. Rev. A 88 (2013) 034304] found that for some Bell-diagonal states (BDS) which interact with their environments the calculation of quantum discord could experience a sudden transition in its dynamics, this phenomenon is known as the sudden change. Here in the present paper, we analyze the dynamics of normal quantum discord and super quantum discord for tripartite Bell-diagonal states independently interacting with dephasing reservoirs. Then, we find that basis change does not necessary mean sudden change of quantum correlations.
Geometric quantum discord is a well-defined measure of quantum correlation if Schatten one-norm (trace norm) is adopted as a distance measure. Here, we analytically investigate the dynamical behavior of the one-norm geometric quantum discord under the effect of decoherence. By starting from arbitrary Bell-diagonal mixed states under Markovian local noise, we provide the decays of the quantum correlation as a function of the decoherence parameters. In particular, we show that the one-norm geometric discord exhibits the possibility of double sudden changes and freezing behavior during its evolution. For nontrivial Bell-diagonal states under simple Markovian channels, these are new features that are in contrast with the Schatten two-norm (Hilbert-Schmidt) geometric discord. The necessary and sufficient conditions for double sudden changes as well as their exact locations in terms of decoherence probabilities are provided. Moreover, we illustrate our results by investigating decoherence in quantum spin chains in the thermodynamic limit.
In this paper, we give a sufficient and necessary condition (witness) for the sudden change of geometric quantum discord by considering mathematical definition of the discontinuity of a function. Based on the witness, we can find out various sudden changes of quantum correlation by considering both the Markovian and the non-Markovian cases. In particular, we can accurately find out critical points of the sudden changes even though they are not quite obvious in the graphical representation. In addition, one can also find that sudden change of quantum correlation, like the frozen quantum correlation, strongly depends on the choice of the quantum correlation measure.