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arXiv:2112.15416 · Physical Review A

Microscopy of an ultranarrow Feshbach resonance using a laser-based atom collider: A quantum defect theory analysis

Matthew Chilcott, James F. E. Croft, Ryan Thomas, Niels Kjærgaard

Published Aug 4, 2022• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We employ a quantum defect theory framework to provide a detailed analysis of the interplay between a magnetic Feshbach resonance and a shape resonance in cold collisions of ultracold $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms as captured in recent experiments using a laser-based collider [M. Chilcott et al., Phys. Rev. Research 3, 033209 (2021)]. By exerting control over a parameter space spanned by both collision energy and magnetic field, the width of a Feshbach resonance can be tuned over several orders of magnitude. We apply a quantum defect theory specialized for ultracold atomic collisions to fully describe of the experimental observations. While the width of a Feshbach resonance generally increases with collision energy, its coincidence with a shape resonance leads to a significant additional boost. By conducting experiments at a collision energy matching the shape resonance and using the shape resonance as a magnifying lens, we demonstrate a feature broadening to a magnetic width of 8 G compared to a predicted Feshbach resonance width much less than $0.1$ mG.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.106.023303

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We employ a quantum defect theory framework to provide a detailed analysis of the interplay between a magnetic Feshbach resonance and a shape resonance in cold collisions of ultracold 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms as captured in recent experiments using a laser-based collider [M. Chilcott et al., Phys. Rev. Research 3, 033209 (2021)]. By exerting control over a parameter space spanned by both collision energy and magnetic field, the width of a Feshbach resonance can be tuned over several orders of magnitude. We apply a quantum defect theory specialized for ultracold atomic collisions to fully describe of the experimental observations. While the width of a Feshbach resonance generally increases with collision energy, its coincidence with a shape resonance leads to a significant additional boost. By conducting experiments at a collision energy matching the shape resonance and using the shape resonance as a magnifying lens, we demonstrate a feature broadening to a magnetic width of 8 G compared to a predicted Feshbach resonance width much less than 0.10.10.1 mG.
Ultracold atomic gases have realized numerous paradigms of condensed matter physics, where control over interactions has crucially been afforded by tunable Feshbach resonances. So far, the characterization of these Feshbach resonances has almost exclusively relied on experiments in the threshold regime near zero energy. Here, we use a laser-based collider to probe a narrow magnetic Feshbach resonance of rubidium above threshold. By measuring the overall atomic loss from colliding clouds as a function of magnetic field, we track the energy-dependent resonance position. At higher energy, our collider scheme broadens the loss feature, making the identification of the narrow resonance challenging. However, we observe that the collisions give rise to shifts in the center-of-mass positions of outgoing clouds. The shifts cross zero at the resonance and this allows us to accurately determine its location well above threshold. Our inferred resonance positions are in excellent agreement with theory.Studies on energy-dependent scattering of ultracold atoms were previously carried out near zero collision energies. Here, the authors observe a magnetic Feshbach resonance in ultracold Rb collisions for above-threshold energies and their method can also be used to detect higher partial wave resonances.
Abstract Ultracold atomic gases have realized numerous paradigms of condensed matter physics, where control over interactions has crucially been afforded by tunable Feshbach resonances. So far, the characterization of these Feshbach resonances has almost exclusively relied on experiments in the threshold regime near zero energy. Here, we use a laser-based collider to probe a narrow magnetic Feshbach resonance of rubidium above threshold. By measuring the overall atomic loss from colliding clouds as a function of magnetic field, we track the energy-dependent resonance position. At higher energy, our collider scheme broadens the loss feature, making the identification of the narrow resonance challenging. However, we observe that the collisions give rise to shifts in the center-of-mass positions of outgoing clouds. The shifts cross zero at the resonance and this allows us to accurately determine its location well above threshold. Our inferred resonance positions are in excellent agreement with theory.
In quantum mechanics, collisions between two particles are captured by a scattering matrix which describes the transfer from an initial entrance state to an outgoing final state. Analyticity of the elements of this SSS matrix enables their continuation onto the complex energy plane and opens up a powerful and widely used framework in scattering theory, where bound states and scattering resonances for a physical system are ascribed to SSS-matrix poles. In the Gedankenexperiment of gradually changing the potential parameters of the system, the complex energy poles will begin to move, and in their ensuing flow, two poles approaching will interact. An actual observation of this intriguing interaction between scattering poles in a collision experiment has, however, been elusive. Here, we expose the interplay between two scattering poles relating to a shape resonance and a magnetically tunable Feshbach resonance by studying ultracold atoms with a laser-based collider. We exploit the tunability of the Feshbach resonance to observe a compelling avoided crossing of the poles in their energies which is the hallmark of a strongly coupled system.
In this thesis we explore ultracold atomic collisions in the vicinity of a magnetic Feshbach resonance located at 9.1 G, between 87Rb atoms in the |F = 2, mF = 1> and the |F =1, mF = 1> hyperfine states. We experimentally investigate the energy dependence of the enhancement of inelastic interaction in the neighborhood of this Feshbach resonance by analyzing the temperature dependence of a loss spectroscopy feature. An asymmetric widening of the resonance feature with respect to temperature is observed. We develop a simple model which captures these asymmetric line shapes through thermal averaging over the collision energy dependence of the Feshbach resonance. The energy dependence of the Feshbach interactions is further explored by colliding ultracold atomic samples at a fixed energy significantly above threshold using an optical trapping system; the elastic scattering enhancement analyzed by colliding the samples in free space, while for the inelastic measurements the collisions were carried out in trap. No conclusive resonant behavior could obtained for the elastic component of the 9.1 G resonance, however the inelastic scattering enhancement exhibited an anticipated shift.
Due to atomic interactions, a dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensate acquires a self- energy proportional to the two-body scattering length a. This self-energy strongly influences the stability, formation rate, size and shape, collective excitations, and other properties of a condensate. For a given atomic species at zero magnetic field, the scattering length is fixed, and this had led to a rather limited range of interaction strengths in experiments. However, it has been predicted that a magnetically tunable Feshbach resonance could be used to strongly modify scattering lengths [1]. We have observed such a Feshbach resonance in collisions of ultracold 85Rb(f =2, mf=−2) atoms in a magnetic field B. From our measured resonance position and width, we infer that the scattering length a2,−2 for collisions of these atoms has the dispersive resonance form.
Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions often result from an interplay between many collision channels. Simple two-channel models can be introduced to capture the basic features, but cannot fully reproduce the situation when several resonances from different closed channels contribute to the scattering process. Using the formalism of multichannel quantum defect theory we develop an analytical model of overlapping Feshbach resonances. We find a general formula for the variation of the scattering length with magnetic field in the vicinity of an arbitrary number of resonances, characterized by simple parameters. Our formula is in excellent agreement with numerical coupled-channel calculations for several cases of overlapping resonances in the collisions of two 7{}^{7}7Li atoms or two Cs atoms.