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arXiv:2112.07769 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

On the dissipative dynamics of entangled states in coupled-cavity quantum electrodynamics arrays

Imran M. Mirza, Adriana S. Cruz

Published Nov 5, 2021• 5 citations

Abstract

We examine the dissipative dynamics of N00N states with an arbitrary photon number N in two architectures of fiber-coupled optical ring resonators (RRs) interacting with two-level quantum emitters (QEs). One architecture consists of a two-way cascaded array of emitter–cavity systems, while in the other architecture, we consider two fiber-coupled RRs, each coupled to multiple dipole–dipole interacting (DDI) QEs. Our focus in this paper is to study how an initially prepared multiple excitation atomic N00N state transfers to the RRs and then how rapidly it decays in these open cavity quantum electrodynamics setups while varying the emitter–cavity coupling strengths, emitter–cavity detuning, and backscattering from cavity modes. We present a general theoretical formalism valid for any arbitrary numbers of QEs, RRs, and N numbers in the N00N state for both schemes. As examples, we discuss the cases of single- and two-excitation N00N states and report the comparison of our findings in both schemes. As one of the main results, we conclude that the array scheme tends to store N00N for longer times, while the DDI scheme supports higher fidelity values. The results of this study may find applications in designing new multiparty entanglement-based protocols in quantum metrology and quantum lithography.

DOI: 10.1364/josab.441224

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We have analysed the effects of dissipations on the single-photon transport in a coupled cavity array, with one of the cavities uncoupled and coupled to a two-level atom, respectively. A new approach analysing the dissipative properties of the coupled cavity arrays is first presented. We show that the coupling to a bath renormalizes the localized mode and the interaction between cavities. This permits us to redescribe the system via an effective Hamiltonian without having to mention the coordinates of the bath and then the single-photon transmission and reflection amplitudes are solved exactly. The theoretical results are in qualitatively good agreement with the experiments (Notomi et al 2008 Nature Photon. 2 741). It is shown that the dissipations of the cavity and of the atom affect distinctively the transmission of photons in the coupled cavity arrays. When the atom and the cavity are in tune, a incomplete reflect near the resonance area is mostly caused by the two-level atom dissipation, while for the large detuned cases, the reduced transmission appears to be mainly controlled by the cavity dissipation. A parameter to scale the quality of the dissipative arrays is also presented.

We numerically investigate the generation and dynamics of tripartite entanglement among qubits (quantum emitters or atoms) in multimode cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). Our cQED architecture features three initially unentangled excited two-level quantum emitters confined within a triangle-shaped multimode optical cavity, which later become entangled due to a Jaynes-Cummings-like interaction. Using the tripartite negativity measure of entanglement and fidelity with respect to the genuine tripartite entangled state (Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state, to be precise), we analyze the impact of the number of cavity modes, qubit locations, and losses (spontaneous emission from qubits and photon leakage from the cavity mirrors) on the generated entanglement. Our key results include the presence of two kinds of retardation effects: one resulting from the time it takes for photons to propagate from one qubit to another, and the other to complete one round trip in the cavity. We observed these retardation effects only in multimode cavities, with the exciting possibility of controlling the collapse and revival patterns of tripartite entanglement by altering the qubit locations in the cavity. Furthermore, the impact of losses on the generated entanglement and the dependence of maximum entanglement on the total number of modes yield results that surpass those reported for single and two excitations. With recent advances in circuit quantum electrodynamics, these findings hold promise for the development of entanglement-based quantum networking protocols and quantum memories.

We study a one-dimensional fibre-coupled cavity array with an open-end boundary condition, where each cavity is doped with a two-level atom, and obtain explicit expressions for the dynamics evolution of the array with arbitrary number of nodes in the far off-resonant condition. It is shown that distant state transfer and entanglement generation schemes may be implemented through this quantum network and an arbitrary state is transferred with high fidelity for the array with specific number of nodes. The entanglement transfer through both single array and double independent arrays is also examined.

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Quantum state transfer plays an important role in quantum information processing, and it has been obtained many of the theoretical and experimental triumphs. But designing a dissipation-assisted scheme to transfer a quantum state is still by no means trivial. Here we put forward an easier scheme to dissipatively transfer an arbitrary quantum state from a sender to a receiver with two four-level atoms and three lasers in a lossy coupled-cavity array, and make the quantum state stable at the receiver via the photon loss of optical cavities. Owing to the assistance of the dissipation, the target state becomes the steady state of the whole process. Thus there is no requirement on external time-dependent controls. Furthermore, the atomic spontaneous emission can be significantly suppressed as the adiabatic elimination of the excited states. We also discuss the experimental feasibility of this scheme with the current experimental technologies and a high fidelity of the transferred state in the receiver can be above 98%.