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arXiv:2111.13614 · Physical Review A

Genuine multipartite entanglement and quantum coherence in an electron-positron system: Relativistic covariance

Alexandra Turmina Petreca, Gabriel Cardoso, F. P. Devecchi, R. M. Angelo

Published Mar 10, 2022• 5 citations
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Abstract

The last two decades have witnessed an increasing effort by the scientific community toward pursuing a better framework for quantum resource covariance, with the focus predominantly posed on quantum entanglement. In this work, we move the discussion one step further by analyzing the behavior of both genuine multipartite entanglement and quantum coherence under Lorentz boosts. Specifically, we conduct a case study for the problem of an electron-positron pair created in a superposed multipartite pure state. Our approach is different from the standard treatments also in that we consider all the components of the four-momentum, thus allowing for an inspection of scenarios wherein entanglement can be encoded among these degrees of freedom as well. Our analysis reveals interesting subtleties in this problem, such as the fact that genuine 4-partite entanglement in the laboratory frame transforms into genuine 8-partite entanglement plus quantum coherence in the perspective of the Lorentz-boosted frame. Moreover, a given combination of these quantum resources is shown to form a Lorentz invariant. Although our findings are not able to determine, via first principles, an information-theoretic Lorentz invariant, they pave the way for fundamental incursions along this line.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.105.032205

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The last two decades have witnessed an increasing effort by the scientific community toward pursuing a better framework for quantum resource covariance, with the focus predominantly posed on quantum entanglement. In this work, we move the discussion one step further by analyzing the behavior of both genuine multipartite entanglement and quantum coherence under Lorentz boosts. Specifically, we conduct a case study for the problem of an electron-positron pair created in a superposed multipartite pure state. Our approach is different from the standard treatments also in that we consider all the components of the four-momentum, thus allowing for an inspection of scenarios wherein entanglement can be encoded among these degrees of freedom as well. Our analysis reveals interesting subtleties in this problem, such as the fact that genuine 4-partite entanglement in the laboratory frame transforms into genuine 8-partite entanglement plus quantum coherence in the perspective of the Lorentz-boosted frame. Moreover, a given combination of these quantum resources is shown to form a Lorentz invariant. Although our findings are not able to determine, via first principles, an information-theoretic Lorentz invariant, they pave the way for fundamental incursions along this line.
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We analyze multipartite entanglement in systems of spin-½ particles from a relativistic perspective. General conditions which have to be met for any classification of multipartite entanglement to be Lorentz invariant are derived, which contributes to a physical understanding of entanglement classification. We show that quantum information in a relativistic setting requires the partition of the Hilbert space into particles to be taken seriously. Furthermore, we study exemplary cases and show how the spin and momentum entanglement transforms relativistically in a multipartite setting.
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In this paper we describe the transformation properties of quantum entanglement encoded in a pair of spin 1/2 particles described via Dirac bispinors. Due to the intrinsic parity- spin internal structure of the bispinors, the joint state is a four-qubit state exhibiting multipartite entanglement, and to compute global correlation properties we consider the averaged negativities over each possible bi-partition. We also consider specific bipartitions, such as the spin-spin and the particle-particle bipartitions. The particle-particle entanglement, between all degrees of freedom of one particle and all degrees of freedom of the other particle, is invariant under boosts if each particle has a definite momentum, although the spin-spin entanglement is degraded for high speed boosts. Correspondingly, the mean negativities are not invariant since the boost drives changes into correlations encoded in specific bipartitions. Finally, the results presented in the literature about spin-momentum entanglement are recovered by considering the projection of bispinorial states into positive intrinsic parity, and some striking differences between the appropriate approach for this case and the one usually treated in the literature are discussed.
Lorentz boosts applied to particles with spin and momentum degrees of freedom induce momentum-dependent rotations. As, in general, different particles have different momenta, the transformation of the whole state is not a representation of the rotation group. Here we identify the group that acts on a two-particle system and, for the case where the momenta of the particles are correlated, find invariant subspaces that have interesting properties for quantum information processes in relativistic scenarios. A basis of states for the study of transformations of spin states under Lorentz boosts is proposed, which is a good candidate for use in building quantum communication protocols in relativistic scenarios.