Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2111.06121 · Journal of Mathematical Physics

Generalized spin-boson models with non-normalizable form factors

Davide Lonigro

Published Jul 1, 2022• 13 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Generalized spin-boson (GSB) models describe the interaction between a quantum mechanical system and a structured boson environment, mediated by a family of coupling functions known as form factors. We propose an extension of the class of GSB models, which can accommodate non-normalizable form factors provided that they satisfy a weaker growth constraint, thus accounting for a rigorous description of a wider range of physical scenarios; we also show that such “singular” GSB models can be rigorously approximated by GSB models with normalizable form factors. Furthermore, we discuss in greater detail the structure of the spin-boson model with a rotating wave approximation: for this model, the result is improved via a nonperturbative approach that enables us to further extend the class of admissible form factors as well as to compute its resolvent and characterize its self-adjointness domain.

DOI
10.1063/5.0085576

Related papers

Nonperturbative generalized master equation for the spin-boson problem

Gerhard Stock

A generalized master equation for the spin-boson model is proposed that does not require a perturbative treatment of the interstate or system-bath couplings. The nonperturbative formulation is based on the assumption of a decoupling of system and bath density operators, and results in a generalized memory function that reduces in the limit of weak system-bath coupling to the standard result of the perturbative non-interacting-blip approximation. Numerical studies in comparison to exact path-integral calculations demonstrate that the nonperturbative master equation represents a clear improvement to perturbation theory as long as the overall coupling is still small enough to justify the underlying decoupling assumption. Finally, possible generalizations of the method to the description of a dissipative N-level system and the limitations of the decoupling ansatz are discussed in some detail.

Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics•Apr 1, 1995•10 citations

Mathematical foundations of second quantization: an introduction through spin-boson models

Davide Lonigro

These lecture notes originate from a one-semester course on the mathematical foundations of second quantization, first given at the Department of Physics of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg in the Winter Semester 2025/26 to a mixed audience of physics and mathematics students. Their guiding thread is a class of physical models: spin-boson models, describing a two-level system coupled to a boson field. After summarizing the necessary background on unbounded operators, up to the Kato-Rellich and KLMN theorems, and developing direct sums and tensor products of Hilbert spaces and of unbounded operators, we treat single-mode boson fields, constructing the ladder and number operators and characterizing their domains, before moving to Fock spaces, second quantization, bosonic and fermionic annihilation and creation operators, and the canonical (anti)commutation relations. Throughout, spin-boson models provide both the motivation and the test bench for the formalism: we rigorously establish their self-adjointness, solve the pure dephasing and Jaynes-Cummings models explicitly, deriving their spectra and the qubit channels they induce, show how their multimode counterparts display irreversible decoherence and decay, and, in an appendix, prove the rotating-wave approximation for the quantum Rabi model with an explicit error bound. Finally, we use the KLMN theorem to construct spin-boson models with non-normalizable form factors, and briefly discuss stronger ultraviolet divergences and the need for renormalization. Exercises with full solutions are included.

math-phCross-listedarXiv:2610.41657•Nov 2, 2026

A scaling limit for a general class of quantum field models and its application to nuclear physics and condensed matter physics

Akito Suzuki

A scaling limit for the generalized spin-boson (GSB) model is considered. We derive a scaling limit of the Hamiltonian of the GSB model independently of whether or not the quantum scalareld has a mass. Applying it to a model for the eld of the nuclear force with isospin, we obtain an effective potential of the interaction between nucleons. Also, we get some applications to condensed matter physics.

Preprint Series of Department of Mathematics, Hokkaido University•Oct 3, 2005•0 citations

Rotating-wave approximation for spin-boson models with structured fields

Aitor Balmaseda, Davide Lonigro, Juan Manuel Pérez-Pardo

We derive state-dependent bounds on the difference between two quantum evolutions generated by unbounded Hamiltonians sharing a common form domain. The main technical tool is a second integration by parts, performed at the level of sesquilinear forms rather than at the operator level, which removes the need for a common invariant operator domain. The resulting estimate involves the norm of the time-integrated difference of the two generators, rather than the integral of its norm, and is therefore sensitive to the averaging effects produced by fast-oscillating terms. As an application we prove a quantitative bound on the rotating-wave approximation for spin-boson models with a structured boson field, described by an arbitrary massive dispersion relation on a general measure space and by a suitable class of form factors. The proof involves a careful analysis of the high-frequency scaling. The bound holds on a dense subspace of states, is fully explicit, and all the constants entering it depend only on the parameters of the model and not on the frequency scale, so that the approximation becomes exact in the limit of large frequency.

math-phCross-listedarXiv:2608.31090•Sep 1, 2026•0 citations

The generalized analytical approximation to the solution of the single-mode spin-boson model without rotating-wave approximation

T. Liu, K. L. Wang, Mang Feng

The single-mode spin-boson model (SMSBM) has extensive application in different subfields of physics. In the absence of rotating-wave approximation (RWA), we try to solve the SMSBM analytically. We argue that the analytical expression obtained might be the most exact approximation to the solution of the system in our case under the assumption of the Abel-Ruffini theorem, which works for a wide range of the parameters such as coupling strength and detuning and would be practical for currently available experiments.

arXiv:0905.0426•Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Jun 1, 2009•44 citations

Renormalization of generalized spin-boson models with critical ultraviolet divergences

Benjamín Álvarez, Sascha Lill, Davide Lonigro +1 more

We provide a rigorous construction of generalized spin--boson models with commuting transition matrices and form factors exhibiting critical ultraviolet (UV) divergences. That is, we cover all divergences where a self-energy renormalization, but no non-Fock representation, is required. Our method is based on a direct definition of the renormalized Hamiltonian on a sufficiently large test domain, followed by a Friedrichs extension. We then prove that this Hamiltonian coincides with the one obtained by cut-off renormalization. Furthermore, we show that for specific supercritical cases, i.e., when a non-Fock representation is required, the renormalized Hamiltonian is trivial.

arXiv:2508.00803•Aug 1, 2025•0 citations
Generalized spin-boson (GSB) models describe the interaction between a quantum mechanical system and a structured boson environment, mediated by a family of coupling functions known as form factors. We propose an extension of the class of GSB models, which can accommodate non-normalizable form factors provided that they satisfy a weaker growth constraint, thus accounting for a rigorous description of a wider range of physical scenarios; we also show that such “singular” GSB models can be rigorously approximated by GSB models with normalizable form factors. Furthermore, we discuss in greater detail the structure of the spin-boson model with a rotating wave approximation: for this model, the result is improved via a nonperturbative approach that enables us to further extend the class of admissible form factors as well as to compute its resolvent and characterize its self-adjointness domain.
A generalized master equation for the spin-boson model is proposed that does not require a perturbative treatment of the interstate or system-bath couplings. The nonperturbative formulation is based on the assumption of a decoupling of system and bath density operators, and results in a generalized memory function that reduces in the limit of weak system-bath coupling to the standard result of the perturbative non-interacting-blip approximation. Numerical studies in comparison to exact path-integral calculations demonstrate that the nonperturbative master equation represents a clear improvement to perturbation theory as long as the overall coupling is still small enough to justify the underlying decoupling assumption. Finally, possible generalizations of the method to the description of a dissipative N-level system and the limitations of the decoupling ansatz are discussed in some detail.
These lecture notes originate from a one-semester course on the mathematical foundations of second quantization, first given at the Department of Physics of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg in the Winter Semester 2025/26 to a mixed audience of physics and mathematics students. Their guiding thread is a class of physical models: spin-boson models, describing a two-level system coupled to a boson field. After summarizing the necessary background on unbounded operators, up to the Kato-Rellich and KLMN theorems, and developing direct sums and tensor products of Hilbert spaces and of unbounded operators, we treat single-mode boson fields, constructing the ladder and number operators and characterizing their domains, before moving to Fock spaces, second quantization, bosonic and fermionic annihilation and creation operators, and the canonical (anti)commutation relations. Throughout, spin-boson models provide both the motivation and the test bench for the formalism: we rigorously establish their self-adjointness, solve the pure dephasing and Jaynes-Cummings models explicitly, deriving their spectra and the qubit channels they induce, show how their multimode counterparts display irreversible decoherence and decay, and, in an appendix, prove the rotating-wave approximation for the quantum Rabi model with an explicit error bound. Finally, we use the KLMN theorem to construct spin-boson models with non-normalizable form factors, and briefly discuss stronger ultraviolet divergences and the need for renormalization. Exercises with full solutions are included.
We derive state-dependent bounds on the difference between two quantum evolutions generated by unbounded Hamiltonians sharing a common form domain. The main technical tool is a second integration by parts, performed at the level of sesquilinear forms rather than at the operator level, which removes the need for a common invariant operator domain. The resulting estimate involves the norm of the time-integrated difference of the two generators, rather than the integral of its norm, and is therefore sensitive to the averaging effects produced by fast-oscillating terms. As an application we prove a quantitative bound on the rotating-wave approximation for spin-boson models with a structured boson field, described by an arbitrary massive dispersion relation on a general measure space and by a suitable class of form factors. The proof involves a careful analysis of the high-frequency scaling. The bound holds on a dense subspace of states, is fully explicit, and all the constants entering it depend only on the parameters of the model and not on the frequency scale, so that the approximation becomes exact in the limit of large frequency.
The single-mode spin-boson model (SMSBM) has extensive application in different subfields of physics. In the absence of rotating-wave approximation (RWA), we try to solve the SMSBM analytically. We argue that the analytical expression obtained might be the most exact approximation to the solution of the system in our case under the assumption of the Abel-Ruffini theorem, which works for a wide range of the parameters such as coupling strength and detuning and would be practical for currently available experiments.
We provide a rigorous construction of generalized spin--boson models with commuting transition matrices and form factors exhibiting critical ultraviolet (UV) divergences. That is, we cover all divergences where a self-energy renormalization, but no non-Fock representation, is required. Our method is based on a direct definition of the renormalized Hamiltonian on a sufficiently large test domain, followed by a Friedrichs extension. We then prove that this Hamiltonian coincides with the one obtained by cut-off renormalization. Furthermore, we show that for specific supercritical cases, i.e., when a non-Fock representation is required, the renormalized Hamiltonian is trivial.