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arXiv:2110.13278 · Physical Review Letters

Optomechanical Quantum Entanglement Mediated by Acoustic Phonon Fields

Qidong Xu, M. P. Blencowe

Published Nov 10, 2022• 8 citations
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Abstract

We present exact solutions for the quantum time evolution of two spatially separated, local inductor-capacitor (LC) oscillators that are coupled optomechanically to a long elastic strip that functions as a quantum thermal acoustic field environment. We show that the optomechanical coupling to the acoustic environment gives rise to causal entanglement dynamics between the two LC oscillators in the absence of resonant photon exchange between them, and that significant entanglement develops regardless of the environment temperature. Such a process establishes that distributed entanglement may be generated between superconducting qubits via a connected phonon bus bar, without the need for resonant phonon release and capture.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.129.203604

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Phonons, and in particular surface acoustic wave phonons, have been proposed as a means to coherently couple distant solid-state quantum systems. Individual phonons in a resonant structure can be controlled and detected by superconducting qubits, enabling the coherent generation and measurement of complex stationary phonon states. We report the deterministic emission and capture of itinerant surface acoustic wave phonons, enabling the quantum entanglement of two superconducting qubits. Using a 2-millimeter-long acoustic quantum communication channel, equivalent to a 500-nanosecond delay line, we demonstrate the emission and recapture of a phonon by one superconducting qubit, quantum state transfer between two superconducting qubits with a 67% efficiency, and, by partial transfer of a phonon, generation of an entangled Bell pair with a fidelity of 84%.
We propose how to generate the entanglement of two long-lived phonon modes in a circuit quantum acoustodynamics system, which consists of a multimode high-frequency bulk acoustic wave resonator and a transmon-type superconducting qubit. Two acoustic modes couple to the qubit through piezoelectric interaction, and the qubit is driven by a microwave field. Under the condition of far detuning between the qubit and acoustic modes, the qubit can be eliminated adiabatically, thus establishing the indirect interaction between the two acoustic modes. We demonstrate that such an indirect interaction can be a parametric-amplification-type interaction by appropriately choosing the drive frequency and strength, so the entanglement between acoustic modes can be created by the direct unitary evolution. We numerically analyze the parameter conditions for generating the entanglement in detail and evaluate the influence of system dissipations and noise. The results show that the scheme can be realized using currently available parameters and has strong robustness against the dissipations and the environmental temperature. This work may provide an efficient resource for the quantum information processing based on the phononic systems.
We propose how to generate the entanglement of two long-lived phonon modes in a circuit quantum acoustodynamics system, which consists of a multi-mode high-frequency bulk acoustic wave resonator and a transmon-type superconducting qubit. Two acoustic modes couple to the qubit through piezoelectric interaction, and the qubit is driven by a microwave field. Under the condition of far detuning between the qubit and acoustic modes, the qubit can be eliminated adiabatically, and thus establishing the indirect interaction between the two acoustic modes. We demonstrate that such the indirect interaction can be the parametric-amplification-type interaction by appropriately choosing the drive frequency and strength, so the entanglement between acoustic modes can be created by the direct unitary evolution. We numerically analyze the parameter conditions for generating the entanglement in detail and evaluate the influence of system dissipations and noise. The results show that the scheme can be realized using currently available parameters and has strong robustness against the dissipations and environmental temperature. This work may provide efficient resource for the quantum information processing based on the phononic systems.
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We consider an optomechanical system comprising a single cavity mode and a dense spectrum of acoustic modes and solve for the quantum dynamics of initial cavity mode Fock (i.e., photon number) superposition states and thermal acoustic states. The optomechanical interaction results in dephasing without damping and bears some analogy to gravitational decoherence. For a cavity mode locally coupled to a one-dimensional elastic string-like environment or two-dimensional elastic membrane-like environment, we find that the dephasing dynamics depends respectively on the string length and membrane area---a consequence of an infrared divergence in the limit of an infinite-sized string or membrane. On the other hand, for a cavity mode locally coupled to a three-dimensional bulk elastic solid, the dephasing dynamics is independent of the solid volume (i.e., is infrared finite), but dependent on the local geometry of the coupled cavity---a consequence of an ultraviolet divergence in the limit of a ``pointlike'' coupled cavity. We consider as possible respective realizations for the cavity-coupled one- and two-dimensional acoustic environments an LCLCLC oscillator capacitively coupled to a partially metalized strip and a cavity light mode interacting via light pressure with a membrane.