Parallel worlds are imaginative ideas in quantum mechanics and cosmology. The superpositions of parallel worlds are novel states of quantum gravity and have no classical correspondences generally. In this letter, we investigate the superposition or the Schrödinger's cat state of optical parallel worlds, which could be realized in laboratory and may shed some light on the detection of parallel universes in a real world. We propose two realizable experimental schemes, which enable to explore the mysterious `parallel universes' by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The first one is based on an atomic ensemble in a superposition state, which is a fat Schrödinger's cat state. The second one is to prepare a photon in a superposition of different paths, where each path lies in an optical parallel universe.
Parallel worlds are imaginative ideas in quantum mechanics and cosmology. The superpositions of parallel worlds are novel states of quantum gravity and have no classical correspondences generally. In this letter, we investigate the superposition or the Schrödinger's cat state of optical parallel worlds, which could be realized in laboratory and may shed some light on the detection of parallel universes in a real world. We propose two realizable experimental schemes, which enable to explore the mysterious `parallel universes' by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The first one is based on an atomic ensemble in a superposition state, which is a fat Schrödinger's cat state. The second one is to prepare a photon in a superposition of different paths, where each path lies in an optical parallel universe.
A full comprehension of the fuzzy boundary between the classical and the quantum world is still lacking. A deeper understanding of the problem can be obtained form the study of the so-called "Schrödinger cat states", i.e. the paradoxical states arising when the superposition principle of quantum mechanics is extended to the macroscopic world. Quantum optics is, up to now, the most studied field for the experimental realization of these states. A survey of all the proposals made for generating and detecting linear superpositions of classically distinguishable states in quantum optical systems is presented. Then, one of the most recent proposals [P. Tombesi and D. Vitali, Phys. Rev. Lett.77, 411 (1996)] is presented in detail and its experimental feasibility discussed.
The founders of quantum physics used to analyse thought experiments, to discuss state superposition, complementarity and entanglement. They imagined manipulating single particles, such as electrons, atoms or photons; they would be surprised to see that experiments with isolated atoms, molecules or photons are now carried on in many laboratories throughout the world. In our Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics (CQED) studies, we stabilize and count photon number states in the cavity. We also prepare and reconstruct photonic superposition states suspended between different 'classical realities', generating a laboratory version of Schrodinger famous 'Cat', which he had imagined to be simultaneously dead and alive. We have also investigated the decoherence process, which explains the transition between the quantum and the classical worlds. CQED physics has recently been extended to artificial 'atoms' made from superconductors, in a new domain of mesoscopic physics called Circuit QED. This development opens the way to applications in quantum information science.
We describe the properties of a quantum system prepared in superpositions of classically distinguishable states. These states, often called Schrödinger cat states, are of great interest at present. We discuss how they may be realized in quantum optics using nonlinear interactions and cavity quantum electrodynamics. We first describe the quantum properties of field states in a cavity, and demonstrate the interference properties which characterize superposition states and discuss how fragile they are in dissipative environments. Finally, we review current experimental approaches which may realize these states.
Quantum mechanics provides us most fundamental descriptions of our most early universe, but there is a long-standing debate amongst theoretical physicists about what all these mathematics really mean in real world? The present three-dimensional (3D) universe, we humans experience daily since our birth, is probably just one of an enormous numbers of essentially classical worlds, and all quantum phenomena arise from a universal force of repulsions that prevented many universes (Multiverse) from having identical physical configurations like ours. Probabilities arise only because of our human ignorance as to which in our world an observer occupies a position in space time. This picture is all that is needed to explain bizarre quantum effects such as particles that can tunnel through solid barriers and wave behavior in double-slit experiments or in a warm hole. Our many-interacting-universes approach hinges on our assumption that interactions between deterministically evolving worlds cause all quantum effects. Each world is simply the position of particles in three-dimensional space time, and each would evolve according to Newton’s laws, if there were no inter world interactions. A surprising feature of human approach was that the formulation contains nothing that corresponds to the mysterious quantum wave functions, except in the formal mathematical limit in which the number of worlds becomes infinitely large. Conversely, Newtonian mechanics corresponds to the opposite limit of just one world. Thus, our approach should incorporate both classical and quantum theory. As few as two interacting worlds can result in quantum like effects, such as tunneling through a barrier. Many interacting worlds theory (MIW) explains that rather than standing apart, an infinite number of universes in the early time shared the same space and time as ours. They show that the theory can explain quantum mechanical effects while leaving open the choice of theory to explain the universe at large scales. This is a fascinating new variant of multiverse theory that, in a sense, creates not just a doppelganger of everyone but an infinite number of them all overlaying each other in the same space and time. The fine tuning of parameters required to reproduce our present day universe suggests that our universe may simply be a region within an eternally inflating super-region. Many other regions beyond our observable universe might have existed in earlier times with each such universe governed by a different set of physical parameters and laws. Collision between these regions, if they occurred, should have left signatures of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) but have not been seen yet. We assess different mechanisms for this residual emission and conclude that although there is a 30% probability that noise fluctuations may cause foregrounds to fall within 3σ of the excess, there is less than a 0.5% probability that foregrounds can explain all the excess. A plausible explanation is that the collision of our universe with an alternate universe, whose baryon to photon ratio is a factor of ∼ 4500 larger than ours, could produce enhanced Hydrogen Paschen-series emission at the epoch of recombination. Future spectral mapping and deeper observations at 100 and 217 GHz are needed to mitigate systematics arising from unknown galactic foregrounds and to confirm this unusual hypothesis. After careful analysis of the spectrum of the CMB, Chary et al. found a signal that was about 4500x brighter than it should have been, based on the number of protons and electrons. Scientists believe that this existed in the very early universe. Indeed, this particular signal, an emission line that arose from the formation of atoms during the era of recombination is more consistent with a universe whose ratio of matter particles to photons is about 65x greater than our own. There is a 30% chance that this mysterious signal is just noise, and not really, a signal at all; however, it is also possible that it is real, and exists as a parallel universe. Keywords : Quantum mechanics, multiverse, Newtonian mechanics Cite this Article Pranab Kumar Bhattacharya, et al . Schrodinger Cat's Experiment's Interpretation and Parallel Universe or Multiple Universes. Research and Reviews: Journal of Space Science and Technology. 2016; 5(1): 35–52p.
In 1935, Erwin Schrödinger put forward his famous gedanken experiment in which a microscopic degree of freedom - the emission state of a radioactive atom - and a macroscopic, classical state - the life or death of a cat - are entangled [1]. The resulting state is dubbed a Schrodinger-cat state. According to quantum theory, a measurement of the atom in a superposition basis projects the cat into a macroscopic superposition of being alive and dead. Here, we use coherent laser fields with different optical phases as a macroscopic model system and generate entangled Schrodinger-cat states in a deterministic way [3]. We reflect the coherent pulses from an optical cavity that contains a single strongly-coupled atom. This entangles the spin of the atom with the optical phase of the light field [2]. By manipulating and detecting the atomic state, we create a plethora of flying optical coherent-state superpositions. We reconstruct the corresponding Wigner functions (see Fig. 1) to demonstrate the tunability and non-classicality of the produced light state.
Superpositions of macroscopically distinct quantum states, introduced in Schrödinger’s famous Gedankenexperiment, are an epitome of quantum “strangeness” and a natural tool for determining the validity limits of quantum physics. The optical incarnation of Schrödinger’s cat — the superposition of two opposite-amplitude coherent states — is also the backbone of quantum information processing in the continuous-variable domain. Here we implement two protocols for producing and amplifying optical Schrödinger’s cats. In the first protocol we remotely prepare a high-efficiency Schrödinger cat state by applying the remote state preparation to a N00N state prepared between two parties that are separated by a lossy medium. The second protocol consists in bringing the initial states into interference on a beamsplitter and a subsequent heralding quadrature measurement in one of the output channels. The latter technique enables implementation in an iterative manner, in principle allowing creation of Schrödinger’s cat states of arbitrarily high amplitude.