The hypothesis of the random flow of time is considered. To do this, the concepts of microscopic random time and macroscopic mean time, as well as random modular time are introduced. The possibilities of experimental verification of the hypothesis of the random flow of time are discussed. The possibility of interpreting the time-like fifth coordinate (introduced by V.A. Fock) as absolute time is considered and the question of the reality of absolute time is discussed. The absolute time, which manifests itself as the proper time of the particles, is assumed to be random.
The hypothesis of the random flow of time is considered. To do this, the concepts of microscopic random time and macroscopic mean time, as well as random modular time are introduced. The possibilities of experimental verification of the hypothesis of the random flow of time are discussed. The possibility of interpreting the time-like fifth coordinate (introduced by V.A. Fock) as absolute time is considered and the question of the reality of absolute time is discussed. The absolute time, which manifests itself as the proper time of the particles, is assumed to be random.
A possibility of spontaneous, not environment‐induced, decoherence is considered. A hypothesis on a random course of time is proposed. According to the hypothesis a “microscopic” time is a random process with independent increments in the “macroscopic”, averaged, time. A scale of the random process is defined by a scale time constant. If the scale constant tends to zero, then the course of time becomes not random but deterministic. It is demonstrated that the random course of time destroys phase relations between oscillations and, therefore, stationary states lose their coherence. Modifications of quantum and classical dynamics for random time are considered. All main principles of quantum or classical theory hold in these modifications. The modifications consist of averaging of physical quantities with respect to random microscopical time and going over to macroscopical time. Modified equations of a system evolution in the macroscopical time are irreversible and entropy of an isolated system increases. When the macroscopical time increases, nondiagonal elements of an averaged density matrix in the energy representation tend to zero. Thus, the hypothesis of a random course of time introduces irreversibility into systems dynamics (in macroscopic time) without violating of the main principles of classical or quantum mechanics. Experiments for checking the possibility of spontaneous decoherence and for evaluating of the scale constant are discussed. The stimulus for the considering of the spontaneous decoherence is the intention to explain the transformation of a pure state to a mix in quantum measurement and my hope to overcome difficulties (underlined by N.S.Krylov) of co‐ordinating of micromechanics with randomness. I hope that the spontaneous decoherence can provide a basis for statistical physics principles. It is possible that randomness of time is a trace on the classical space‐time imprinting by space‐time foam.
In the book the idea of irreversibility as an inherent property of time is developed theoretically and experimentally. The matter is related with causality, and the method of causal analysis is presented. The quantum causal analysis helps understand the principle of week causality which admits extraction of information from the future without the classical paradoxes. It implies a possibility of observation of the future as the existing reality. So, the acceptance of time irreversibility leads to a striking manifestation of reversibility – signaling in reverse time. Quantum insight allows considering correlations of the distant irreversible processes as nonlocal ones originated from a macroscopic entanglement. The experimental approach to study of macroscopic nonlocality is discussed, and design of the experimental setup is described. The results of experiments on macroscopic nonlocal correlations, the signals in reverse time and their application to the forecast of large-scale random processes are expounded.
Current interpretations of quantum mechanics suggest that the classical concepts of space and time are not applicable to microscopic systems. Salecker and Wigner have recently proved that these concepts have no operational meaning for microsystems. Therefore, space-time descriptions may be valid only for macroscopic systems. It is here suggested that space and time themselves arise from, but do not have analogs in, the properties of microscopic particles, in the same way that thermodynamic properties arise as a result of interactions among the many actually existing particles of the universe. Neither the particles nor the interactions need to be described in spatial-temporal terms. This macroscopic interpretation of space-time seems compatible with the known properties of the physical world, suggests a more direct interpretation of the statistical nature of microscopic events, and offers a new approach to some physical problems.
All quantum are waves and particles have complementarity. According to the decoupling theory, what is the criterion is the interaction that causes decoherence. When it is in a state of coherence, it is in a state of superposition with the property of a wave, and when it interacts to cause a decoherence, it has a property of a particle. This is a thesis about the reason. In this paper, decoherence creates time, and this is explained by the discontinuity of space-time. Because in the microscopic world, according to quantum gravity, the variable time cannot be used, and it is argued that there is no time. On the other hand, the variable “time” is used for the physical quantity in the macro world. In other words, the macro world thinks that there is time and is a definite physical quantity. Then, what is the criterion for dividing the micro-world in which time does not exist and the macro-world in which time exists? In this paper, decoherence is considered as the criterion. In other words, in the state of coherence without interaction, time does not flow and has no meaning. Complementarity was explained by using this concept and the discontinuity of time claimed by quantum gravity The standard by which the micro world and the macro world are divided is Decoherence.
A fundamental problem in understanding the nature of time is to explain its 'directionality'. The commonplace view is that this directionality is provided by the 'flow of time'. Unfortunately this concept of 'time flow', which seems to make perfect sense to us in our everyday lives, has resisted philosophical and scientific analysis so well that today it is widely regarded as having no place in the scientific account of the world. Instead, various alternative physical concepts of the directionality of time have been developed, principally the notions of the time reversibility of physical laws or theories, and of the time asymmetry of physical processes. It is frequently argued by philosophers of physics that the scientific account of the directionality of time must be framed entirely in terms of these physical notions. The thesis of the present work is that this conclusion has been reached far too hastily. It is argued that the concept of time flow is a legitimate physical concept, and furthermore, that time flow plays a real part in quantum theory. A number of conceptual investigations are necessary to support this argument. Firstly, it is necessary to give an analysis of what a physical theory of time flow might be like, and how it might be empirically established. This is given in Chapter One, which at the same time is an overview of the results of later chapters. It is found in Chapter One that the concept of physical time flow has an important connection with the concept of time reversibility, which makes it necessary to give an analysis of this notion. A detailed discussion of reversibility and time symmetry is given in Chapters Two to Five. Here it is demonstrated that the orthodox analysis of the reversibility of probabilistic theories is flawed. This conclusion allows it to be shown, in Chapter Six, that, contrary to current scientific belief, quantum theory is profoundly irreversible. This result, together with the argument of Chapter One, allows a strong prima facie case for an interpretation of quantum probabilities as involving time flow to be given. However, because of the traditional problems with the notion of time flow, for this interpretation to become respectable it needs to be demonstrated that it is possible to construct a formal model of a physical ontology in which time flow can be represented. This is undertaken in Chapter Seven. In Chapter Eight, various points about the role of probabilities in quantum theory are discussed. Finally, in Chapter Nine, the implications of relativity theory for the proposed theory of time flow are considered. It is found that relativity theory poses a serious problem for a physical theory of time flow, but the implications of relativity theory for the proposed interpretation of quantum probabilities is not clear because of deeper foundational problems with quantum theory.
Based on the complexification of the modular flow parameter in the Tomita-Takesaki theorem and the thermal time hypothesis, we propose a complex-time picture: as a system approaches absolute zero, real time freezes while imaginary time emerges. Mathematically, this is equivalent to a Wick rotation. In this picture, applying the heat diffusion equation at absolute zero forces this rotation, transforming the diffusion equation into the Schrödinger equation and ensuring entropy invariance as required by the third law of thermodynamics. This complex-time picture thus offers a unified, temperature-based origin for two fundamental facts: why microscopic particles obey the Schrödinger equation, and why an arrow of time emerges in macroscopic systems.