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arXiv:2110.06572

10 Gbit/s free space data transmission at 9 $μ$m wavelength with unipolar quantum optoelectronics

Hamza Dely, Thomas Bonazzi, Olivier Spitz, Étienne Rodriguez, Djamal Gacemi, Yanko Todorov, Konstantinos Pantzas, G. Beaudoin, Isabelle Sagnes, Lianhe H. Li, Alexander Giles Davies, E. H. Linfield, Frédéric Grillot, Angela Vasanelli, Carlo Sirtori

Published Oct 13, 2021• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The realization of high-frequency unipolar quantum optoelectronic devices enables the demonstration of high bitrate free space data transmission in the second atmospheric window. Data-bits are written onto the laser emission using a large bandwidth amplitude modulator that operates by shifting the absorption of an optical transition in and out of the laser frequency.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2110.06572

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10 Gbit/s free space data transmission at 9 μμμm wavelength with unipolar quantum optoelectronics
The realization of high-frequency unipolar quantum optoelectronic devices enables the demonstration of high bitrate free space data transmission in the second atmospheric window. Data-bits are written onto the laser emission using a large bandwidth amplitude modulator that operates by shifting the absorption of an optical transition in and out of the laser frequency.
Free-space optical communication is a very promising alternative to fiber communication systems, in terms of ease of deployment and costs. Midinfrared light has several features of utter relevance for free-space applications: low absorption when propagating in the atmosphere even under adverse conditions, robustness of the wavefront during long-distance propagation, and absence of regulations and restrictions for this range of wavelengths. A proof-of-concept of high-speed transmission taking advantage of intersubband devices has recently been demonstrated, but this effort was limited by the short-distance optical path (up to 1 m). In this work, we study the possibility of building a long-range link using unipolar quantum optoelectronics. Two different detectors are used: an uncooled quantum cascade detector and a nitrogen-cooled quantum well-infrared photodetector. We evaluate the maximum data rate of our link in a back-to-back configuration before adding a Herriott cell to increase the length of the light path up to 31 m. By using pulse shaping, pre- and post-processing, we reach a record bitrate of 30 Gbit s − 1 for both two-level (OOK) and four-level (PAM-4) modulation schemes for a 31-m propagation link and a bit error rate compatible with error-correction codes.
Spread-spectrum techniques are widely used in radio communication and telecommunication. Any signal like acoustic, electrical, and electromagnetic signal produced with a specific bandwidth is spread in frequency hence results in a wider bandwidth. Spread spectrum techniques are deployed in telecommunication because of many significant advantages, e.g., to achieve secure communications, to detect the eavesdropping, to resist natural interference, to bound power flux density for satellite down links and resistance to noise and jamming. In spread spectrum technique, frequency hopping (FH) is used as a basic modulation technique by which any telecommunication signal can be transmitted on a wider bandwidth (radio bandwidth) as compared to frequency value of the original signal. Spread spectrum techniques deploy FH, direct sequence (DS), or mix of both methods so that it can be used for multiple access and reduces the interference to other receivers to get the overall privacy. At the receiver side, the received signals are correlated to extract the original information being sent. The two main motivation behind spread spectrum are: to create anti-jamming for unauthenticated person and to provide low probability of interception. The classical data transmission can also be achieved by using quantum communication protocols like dense coding, quantum key distribution (QKD), and quantum teleportation. Most of these protocols use quantum states of light to transmit the information through optical fibers. The problem of channel access become apparent when number of users increases. In classical communication networks, when many users want to use the same channel at the same time, many multiple access methods are used. On the other side, quantum communication networks also deploy frequency and wavelength division multiple access techniques, hence each user make use of same channel at different frequencies and different time instance. In addition to this, many multiple access techniques employ orbital angular momentum of single photons and coherent states. Quantum spread spectrum multiple access scheme described here for optical fibers could be used for free-space data transmission. In this scheme, multiple users send their photons via same optical fiber, sharing their path, time window, and frequency band. A number of techniques have been proposed previously for data transmission for quantum optical communication which provides heavy losses while combining and separating the transmitted data from different users. The described scheme is developed to follow classical spread spectrum methods, and also follows add-drop architecture with simple extraction and combination points.
The method of quantum communication using sideband-modulated emission allows for efficient integration of devices constructed on this principle into optical fiber communication lines due to a number of advantages, including the absence of complex distributed interference schemes, simplification of the phase alignment task of the transmitter and receiver modules, and a significant increase in spectral efficiency of the use of the optical fiber communication line [1, 2]. The development of low-loss quantum communication methods using sideband frequencies, the efficiency of which does not depend on uncontrolled polarization change in the communication channel, and the development of methods for high-speed generation of quantum states are important theoretical and practical tasks. A semiconductor frequency-tunable laser with a central wavelength of 1550 nm, a bandwidth of 1.5 MHz, and a tuning step of 0.005 nm was used as the radiation source. The signal attenuation in the filter band is 43 dB, which allows to apply a modulation index of 0.05 with a contribution of the central wavelength to the quantum bit error rate of not more than 0.1%. The error rate when using the compensation scheme does not exceed 0.5%. The losses in the receiving module are 6.4 dB, which consist of losses of each modulator, on the polarization beam splitter, mixer, filter, and optical connectors.