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arXiv:2110.02825

Collective radiance with NV centers coupled to nonlinear phononic waveguides

Jia‐Qiang Chen, Yi‐Fan Qiao, Xing‐Liang Dong, Cai‐Peng Shen, Xin‐Lei Hei, Fuli Li

Published Oct 6, 2021• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Collective radiance is a fundamental phenomenon in quantum optics. However, these radiation effects remain largely unexplored in the field of quantum acoustics. In this work, we investigate the supercorrelated radiation effects in a nonlinear phononic waveguide that is coupled with NV centers. When the spin's frequency is below the scattering continuum but within the bound-state band of the phonon waveguide, a single NV center dissipates slowly, but two NV centers can exhibit a rapid exponential decay. When multiple NV spins are considered, supercorrelated radiance occurs at a rate N times faster than Dicke superradiance. The peak of the state distribution in supercorrelated radiance jumps directly from $|m=N/2\rangle$ to $|m=-N/2\rangle$, distinguished from the continuous shift of the peak in superradiance. This work provides deeper insight into the collective radiation effect and may find interesting applications in quantum information processing.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2110.02825

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Collective radiance is a fundamental phenomenon in quantum optics. However, these radiation effects remain largely unexplored in the field of quantum acoustics. In this work, we investigate the supercorrelated radiation effects in a nonlinear phononic waveguide that is coupled with NV centers. When the spin's frequency is below the scattering continuum but within the bound-state band of the phonon waveguide, a single NV center dissipates slowly, but two NV centers can exhibit a rapid exponential decay. When multiple NV spins are considered, supercorrelated radiance occurs at a rate N times faster than Dicke superradiance. The peak of the state distribution in supercorrelated radiance jumps directly from ∣m=N/2⟩|m=N/2\rangle∣m=N/2⟩ to ∣m=−N/2⟩|m=-N/2\rangle∣m=−N/2⟩, distinguished from the continuous shift of the peak in superradiance. This work provides deeper insight into the collective radiation effect and may find interesting applications in quantum information processing.
We study the collective decay of two-level emitters coupled to a nonlinear waveguide, for example, a nanophotonic lattice or a superconducting resonator array with strong photon-photon interactions. Under these conditions, a new decay channel into bound photon pairs emerges, through which spatial correlations between emitters are established by regular interference as well as interactions between the photons. We derive an effective Markovian theory to model the resulting decay dynamics of an arbitrary distribution of emitters and identify collective effects beyond the usual phenomena of super- and subradiance. Specifically, in the limit of many close-by emitters, we find that the system undergoes a supercorrelated decay process where all the emitters are either in the excited state or in the ground state but not in any of the intermediate states. The predicted effects can be probed in state-of-the-art waveguide QED experiments and provide a striking example of how the dynamics of open quantum systems can be modified by many-body effects in a nonharmonic environment.
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have been successfully coupled to various optical structures to enhance their radiation by the Purcell effect. The participation of many NV centers in these studies may naturally lead to cooperative emission and superradiance, and our recent experimental study with a diamond membrane in a fiber-based ultranarrow optical cavity demonstrated nonlinear radiation and fast photon bunching as signatures of the collective effects. In this theoretical article, we go beyond the simple model used in the previous study to address more phenomena, such as the appearance of bunching shoulders in second-order correlation function, Rabi splitting in steady-state spectrum, and population dynamics on excited Dicke states, which for moderate pumping explains the observed collective effects. Overall, our results can guide further experiments with NV centers, and they are also relevant for other solid-state color centers, such as silicon-vacancy centers in diamond and silicon carbide, boron-vacancy centers, and carbon-related centers in hexagonal boron nitride.
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) phonon coupling with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spins in diamond offers a promising platform for on-chip quantum phononic manipulations. Although an ensemble of NV centers coupled to a common SAW phonon mode enables superradiance and collective quantum control, achieving a tunable superradiant phase transition remains challenging. Here, we show that optically driving NV centers level transitions enhances the effective spin-phonon coupling, triggering a SAW phonon superradiant phase transition in the weak-coupling regime. We also demonstrate that above a critical threshold, the driving light rapidly switches on the phonon superradiance--a dynamic effect that persists in finite-number NV ensembles. Our results provide a controllable route to coherent phonon-NV spin manipulation in solid state quantum devices.
When multiple quantum emitters couple to a common electromagnetic environment, interference in their collective radiative dynamics gives rise to superradiance and subradiance. In regimes where coherent interactions and collective dissipation compete, the microscopic many-body dynamics and quantum correlations among the emitters that underlie superradiance and subradiance are theoretically challenging and remain experimentally elusive, even though collective emission has been observed in many physical systems. Here, we realize a superconducting qubit array coupled to a common microwave waveguide that mediates collective dissipation, with simultaneous access to coherent interactions and microscopic measurements of many-body dynamics. Engineered qubit-waveguide couplings with tunable amplitude and phase enable control of collective interference and the resulting super- and subradiant states. Leveraging site-resolved control and readout, we directly observe the microscopic decay dynamics of multi-qubit states across different excitation manifolds and track the evolution of populations and tunable quantum correlations. We reveal collective decay in regimes beyond the ideal Dicke model, where strong qubit-qubit interactions stabilize superradiance and subradiance against local dephasing and reshape decay pathways through spatially and spectrally structured many-body eigenstates. Our results establish a flexible platform for exploring collective phenomena in many-body quantum optics and driven-dissipative approaches to robust quantum information processing.
We experimentally investigate the collective radiative decay of a fully inverted ensemble of two-level atoms for a chiral, i.e., propagation direction-dependent light-matter coupling. Despite a fundamentally different interaction Hamiltonian which has a reduced symmetry compared to the standard Dicke case of superradiance, we do observe a superradiant burst of light. The burst occurs above a threshold number of atoms, and its peak power scales faster with the number of atoms than in the case of free-space Dicke superradiance. We measure the first-order coherence of the burst and experimentally distinguish two regimes, one dominated by the coherence induced during the excitation process and the other governed by vacuum fluctuations. Our results shed light on the collective radiative dynamics of cascaded quantum many-body systems, i.e., systems in which each quantum emitter is only driven by light radiated by emitters that are upstream in the cascade. Our findings may turn out useful for generating multiphoton Fock states as a resource for quantum technologies. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We explore the collective Zeno dynamics of giant artificial atoms that are coupled, via multiple coupling points, to a common photonic or acoustic reservoir. In this regime, the establishment of atomic cooperativity and the revivification of exponential decay are highly intertwined, which is utterly beyond the non-Markovian regime with only retarded backaction. We reveal that giant atoms build up their collective emission smoothly from the decay rate of zero to that predicted by Markovian approximation and show great disparity between different waveguide QED setups. As a comparison, the steplike growth of instantaneous decay rates in the retardation-only picture has also been shown. All of these theoretical pictures predict the same collective behavior in the long time limit. From a phenomenological standpoint, we observe that the atomic superradiance exhibits significant directional property. In addition, the subradiant photons feature prolonged oscillation in the early stage of collective radiance, where the energy is exchanged remarkably between giant emitters and the field. Our results might be probed in state-of-art waveguide QED experiments and fundamentally broaden the fields of collective emission in systems with giant atoms. Published by the American Physical Society 2024