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arXiv:2110.00043 · Physical Review A

Measurement of the tune-out wavelength for Cs133 at 880 nm

Apichayaporn Ratkata, Philip D. Gregory, Andrew D. Innes, Alex J. Matthies, Lewis A. McArd, Jonathan M. Mortlock, Marianna S. Safronova, Sarah Bromley, Simon L. Cornish

Published Nov 22, 2021• 15 citations
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Abstract

We perform a measurement of the tune-out wavelength, ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}$, between the ${D}_{1}$, ${6}^{2}{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{6}^{2}{P}_{1/2}$, and ${D}_{2}$, ${6}^{2}{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{6}^{2}{P}_{3/2}$, transitions for $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ in the ground hyperfine state $(F=3,{m}_{F}=+3)$. At ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}$, the frequency-dependent scalar polarizability is zero leading to a zero scalar ac Stark shift. We measure the polarizability as a function of wavelength using Kapitza-Dirac scattering of a $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional optical lattice, and determine the tune-out wavelength to be ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}=880.21790{(40)}_{\text{stat}}{(8)}_{\text{sys}}$ nm. From this measurement we determine the ratio of reduced matrix elements to be ${|\ensuremath{\langle}6{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\parallel}d\ensuremath{\parallel}6{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rangle}|}^{2}/{|\ensuremath{\langle}6{P}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\parallel}d\ensuremath{\parallel}6{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rangle}|}^{2}=1.9808(2)$. This represents an improvement of a factor of 10 over previous results derived from excited-state lifetime measurements. We use the present measurement as a benchmark test of high-precision theory.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.104.052813

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The First Measurement of the 23 ⁣S1−23 ⁣P/33 ⁣P2^{3\!}S_1 - 2^{3\!}P / 3^{3\!}P23S1​−23P/33P Tune-Out Wavelength in He*
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The workhorse of atomic physics, quantum electrodynamics, is one of the best-tested theories in physics. However recent discrepancies have shed doubt on its accuracy for complex atomic systems. To facilitate the development of the theory further we aim to measure transition dipole matrix elements of metastable helium (He*) (the ideal 3 body test-bed) to the highest accuracy thus far. We have undertaken a measurement of the `tune-out wavelength' which occurs when the contributions to the dynamic polarizability from all atomic transitions sum to zero; thus illuminating an atom with this wavelength of light then produces no net energy shift. This provides a strict constraint on the transition dipole matrix elements without the complication and inaccuracy of other methods. Using a novel atom-laser based technique we have made the first measurement of the tune-out wavelength in metastable helium between the 33P1,2,33^{3}P_{1,2,3}33P1,2,3​ and 23P1,2,32^{3}P_{1,2,3}23P1,2,3​ states at 413.07(2) nm which compares well with the predicted value\cite{Mitroy2013} of 413.02(9) nm. We have additionally developed many of the methods necessary to improve this measurement to the 100 fm level of accuracy where it will form the most accurate determination of transition rate information ever made in He* and provide a stringent test for atomic QED simulations. We believe this measurement to be one of the most sensitive ever made of an optical dipole potential, able to detect changes in potentials of $\sim$200 pK and is widely applicable to other species and areas of atom optics.
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We study the periodic potential of a one-dimensional optical lattice originating from a scalar shift and vector shift by manipulating the lattice polarizations. The ac Stark shift of an optical lattice is measured by Kapitza–Dirac scattering of 87 R b Bose–Einstein condensate, and the characteristics of a spin-dependent optical lattice are presented by scanning the lattice wavelength between the D1 and D2 lines. At the same time, tune-out wavelengths that the ac Stark shift cancels can be probed by the optical lattice. We give the tune-out wavelengths in more general cases of balancing the contributions of both scalar and vector shifts. Our results provide a clear interpretation for a spin-dependent optical lattice and tune-out wavelengths, and help to design it by choosing the appropriate lattice wavelength.
The frequency dependent polarizabilities of the francium atom are calculated from the available data of energy levels and transition rates. Magic wavelengths for the state insensitive optical dipole trapping are identified from the calculated light shifts of the 7s7s7s 2S1/2^{2}{S}_{1/2}2S1/2​, 7p7p7p 2P1/2,3/2^{2}{P}_{1/2,3/2}2P1/2,3/2​, and 8s8s8s 2S1/2^{2}{S}_{1/2}2S1/2​ levels of the 7s7s7s $^{2}{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{-}7p$ 2P1/2,3/2^{2}{P}_{1/2,3/2}2P1/2,3/2​ and 7s7s7s $^{2}{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{-}8s$ 2S1/2^{2}{S}_{1/2}2S1/2​ transitions, respectively. Wavelengths in the ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared region are identified that are suitable for cooling and trapping. Magic wavelengths between the 600--700 nm and 700--1000 nm regions, which are blue and red detuned with the $7s\ensuremath{-}7p$ and $7s\ensuremath{-}8s$ transitions, are feasible to implement as lasers with sufficient power are available. In addition, we calculated the tune-out wavelengths where the ac polarizability of the ground 7s7s7s 2S1/2^{2}{S}_{1/2}2S1/2​ state in francium is zero. These results are beneficial as laser cooled and trapped francium has been in use for fundamental symmetry investigations like searches for an electron permanent electric dipole moment in an atom and for atomic parity nonconservation.