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arXiv:2109.12842 · International Journal of Quantum Information

Comparison of quantum state protection against decoherence via weak measurement, a survey

Sajede Harraz, Shuang Cong, Juan Jose Nieto

Published Apr 6, 2022• 13 citations
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Abstract

One of the crucial tasks in quantum systems is to reduce the effects of decoherence due to the unavoidable interactions between a system and its environment. Many protection schemes have been proposed recently, among them the weak measurement quantum measurement reversal (WMQMR), weak measurement-based quantum feedback control (QFBC) and quantum feedforward control (QFFC) are reviewed in this paper. By considering weak measurement, the aim is to find a balance between information gain and disturbance of the system caused by the measurement. We classify different types of measurement and give the definition of noise sources and their effects on the state of the system. Finally, we compare and analyze the performance of the discussed protection schemes for different noise sources by numerical simulations.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749922500071

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One of the crucial tasks in quantum systems is to reduce the effects of decoherence due to the unavoidable interactions between a system and its environment. Many protection schemes have been proposed recently, among them the weak measurement quantum measurement reversal (WMQMR), weak measurement-based quantum feedback control (QFBC) and quantum feedforward control (QFFC) are reviewed in this paper. By considering weak measurement, the aim is to find a balance between information gain and disturbance of the system caused by the measurement. We classify different types of measurement and give the definition of noise sources and their effects on the state of the system. Finally, we compare and analyze the performance of the discussed protection schemes for different noise sources by numerical simulations.
Due to the interaction with the environment, a quantum state is often affected by the different types of noises which becomes to one of the biggest problems for practical quantum computation. We study the possibility of protecting the mixed state of a quantum system that goes through noise by weak measurements and control operations. The aim is to find the optimal measurement strength and control operations and make the input and output states as close as possible. We show that our scheme can effectively protect arbitrary mixed states against typical types of noise sources: amplitude damping, phase damping and amplitude-phase damping. The optimal measurement and control operators are deduced in different bases of the Bloch sphere to find the best control scheme for each type of noise. The effectiveness of our control scheme is demonstrated by simulation results.
When a quantum system interacts with its environment, the so-called decoherence effect will normally destroy the coherence in the quantum state and the entanglement between its subsystems. We propose a feedback control strategy based on quantum weak measurements to protect coherence and entanglement of the quantum state against environmental disturbance. For a one-qubit quantum system under amplitude damping and dephasing decoherence channels, our strategy can preserve the coherence based on the measured information about the population difference between its two levels. For a two-qubit quantum system disentangled by independent amplitude damping and dephasing decoherence channels, the designed feedback control can preserve coherence between the ground state and the highest excited states by tuning the coupling strength between the two qubits, and at the same time minimize the loss of entanglement between the two qubits. As a consequence of dynamic symmetry, the generalization of these results derives the concept of control-induced decoherence-free observable subspace, for which several criteria are provided.
Although information gain and disturbance in quantum systems are always antagonistic in quantum theory, a recently proposed optimal feedback control system [A. M. Bra\ifmmode \acute{n}\else \'{n}\fi{}czyk, P. E. M. F. Mendonca, A. Gilchrist, A. C. Doherty, and S. D. Bartlett, Phys. Rev. A 75, 012329 (2007)] could reach a trade-off by using weak measurements in the case of pure dephasing noise. We reexamine this approach for stabilizing quantum states in the presence of different noise sources and with respect to different system states. We find that the approach is sensitive to the system state but, for some suitable states, it works well for all typical types of noise sources.
The protection of quantum states is challenging for nonorthogonal states, especially in the presence of noise. Recent research shows that this difficulty can be overcome by feedback control with weak measurements. However, the state-protection schemes proposed recently work optimally only for special quantum states. In this paper, by applying different weak measurements, we extend the idea of the state-protection scheme to include protecting general states. We calculate numerically the optimal parameters and discuss the performance of the scheme. Comparison between this extended scheme and the earlier scheme is also presented.
Protection of entanglement from disturbance of the environment is an essential task in quantum information processing. We examine the validity and limitation of the weak measurement and reversal (WMR) operation in the protection of distributed entanglement from various decoherence sources. Since the entanglement variation can be investigated analytically for an arbitrarily entangled bipartite pure state under three kinds of typical noisy quantum channels, we show explicitly that the WMR operation indeed helps for protecting distributed entanglement from amplitude damping and phase damping, but not for depolarizing. Experimental feasibility for testing our results is discussed using current laboratory techniques.
Protection of the quantum coherence and discord in realistic quantum systems interacting with the environment of depolarizing noise is an important subject in quantum information processing. Weak measurement and measurement reversal can effectively suppress the amplitude damping-class decoherence. In this paper, we examine the effect of this protocol in the protection of quantum coherence and discord subjected to depolarizing noise environments. Our scheme consists of a prior weak measurement on each qubit before interacting with noisy channels followed by post measurement reversal. It is found that quantum coherence and discord can be enhanced to an optimal value by performing weak measurements and adjusting measurement parameters on each qubit. In addition, the maximal value of the quantum coherence and discord is found to be independent of the initial-state parameters.