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arXiv:2109.06033 · Nature Physics

Chiral cavity quantum electrodynamics

John Clai Owens, Margaret G. Panetta, Brendan Saxberg, Gabrielle Roberts, Srivatsan Chakram, Ruichao Ma, Andrei Vrajitoarea, Jonathan Simon, David Schuster

Published Jul 28, 2022• 87 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/s41567-022-01671-3

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We investigate the single-photon transport problem in the system of a whispering-gallery mode microresonator chirally coupled with a two-level quantum emitter (QE).Conventionally, this chiral QE-microresonator coupling system can be studied by the master equation and the single-photon transport methods.Here, we provide a new approach, based on the transfer matrix, to assess the single-photon transmission of such a system.Furthermore, we prove that these three methods are equivalent.The corresponding relations of parameters among these approaches are precisely deduced.The transfer matrix can be extended to a multiple-resonator system interacting with two-level QEs in a chiral way.Therefore, our work may provide a convenient and intuitive form for exploring more complex chiral cavity quantum electrodynamics systems.
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) investigates the interaction between light confined in a resonator and particles, such as atoms. In recent years, CQED experiments have reached the optical domain resulting in many interesting applications in the realm of quantum information processing. For many of these application it is necessary to overcome limitations imposed by photon loss. In this context whispering-gallery mode (WGM) resonators have obtained significant interest. Besides their small mode volume and their ultra high quality, they also exhibit favorable polarization properties that give rise to chiral light--matter interaction. In this chapter, we will discuss the origin and the consequences of these chiral features and we review recent achievements in this area.
A cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) system consisting of a confined single photon and a single quantum emitter serves as a fundamental block for quantum optics and photonic quantum technologies. The canonical optical mode employed in the conventional cavity quantum electrodynamics features a uniform polarization distribution, leading to the scalar light-matter interaction in most existing experiments. Despite the rapid progress in the generation of structured light with spatially varied polarizations, the structured light-matter interaction, especially at the single quanta level, is highly intriguing yet largely unexplored. Here, we present the structured light-matter interaction at the single-photon level in a semiconductor cavity quantum electrodynamics system. Four distinct structured cavity modes that are spectrally close to each other are constructed in a micropillar cavity. By spatially locating a single epitaxial quantum dot (QD) at the periphery of a semiconductor micropillar cavity and spectrally tuning the QD emission wavelength into the resonances of the structured cavity modes, cavity-enhanced single-photon emissions with spin-locked chiral orbital angular momentum (OAM) and engineerable spin-orbit entanglements are achieved within a single wavelength-scale device. Our work opens an unexplored paradigm of structured quantum light-matter interactions and may further advance chiral quantum optics and high-dimensional photonic quantum technology.