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arXiv:2108.02835 · Physical Review Letters

Electron Spin Resonance of the Interacting Spinon Liquid

Kirill Yu. Povarov, T. A. Soldatov, Ren-Bo Wang, A. Zheludev, Alexander I. Smirnov, Oleg A. Starykh

Published May 6, 2022• 14 citations
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Abstract

We report experimental verification of the recently predicted collective modes of spinons, stabilized by backscattering interaction, in a model quantum spin chain material. We exploit the unique geometry of uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in K_{2}CuSO_{4}Br_{2} to measure the interaction-induced splitting between the two components of the electron spin resonance (ESR) response doublet. From that we directly determine the magnitude of the "marginally irrelevant" backscattering interaction between spinons for the first time.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.128.187202

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We report experimental verification of the recently predicted collective modes of spinons, stabilized by backscattering interaction, in a model quantum spin chain material. We exploit the unique geometry of uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in K_{2}CuSO_{4}Br_{2} to measure the interaction-induced splitting between the two components of the electron spin resonance (ESR) response doublet. From that we directly determine the magnitude of the "marginally irrelevant" backscattering interaction between spinons for the first time.
We report the experimental observation of a shift of the boundaries of the spinon continuum caused by a Fermiliquid interaction of spinons in the spin-liquid S 1a2 chaintype antiferromagnet K 2 CuSO 4 Br 2 .The parameter of spinon interaction, which determines the probability of backscattering, is found.In the pseudospin S 1a2 chain-type strongly anisotropic antiferromagnet Cs 2 CoCl 4 , a shift in the magnetic resonance frequency is detected during the crossover from the disordered spin regime to the state of correlated XXZ-type spin chains at a temperature above the emergence of longrange antiferromagnetic order.This resonance shift is explained on the basis of the spectrum of spin excitations in correlated XXZ chains and corresponds to theoretical simulation of the spectra of spinon-type magnetic fluctuations in XXZ chains [P.Laurell et al.Phys.Rev. Lett.127 037201 (2021)].
We use a hydrodynamic approach to investigate dynamic spin susceptibility of the antiferromagnetic spin-1/21/21/2 Heisenberg chain with a uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction in the presence of an external magnetic field. We find that transverse (with respect to the magnetic field) spin susceptibility harbors two (respectively, three) spin excitation modes when the magnetic field is parallel (respectively, orthogonal) to the DM axis. In all cases, the marginally irrelevant backscattering interaction between the spinons creates a finite energy splitting between optical branches of excitations at k=0k=0k=0. Additionally, for the orthogonal geometry, the two lower spin branches exhibit avoided crossing at finite momentum which is determined by the total magnetic field (the sum of the external and internal molecular fields) acting on spinons. Our approximate analytical calculations compare well with numerical results obtained using matrix-product-state (MPS) techniques. Physical consequences of our findings for the electron spin resonance experiments are discussed in detail.
We study the transverse dynamical spin susceptibility of the two-dimensional U(1) spinon Fermi-surface spin liquid in a small applied Zeeman field. We show that both short-range interactions, present in a generic Fermi liquid, as well as gauge fluctuations, characteristic of the U(1) spin liquid, qualitatively change the result based on the frequently assumed noninteracting spinon approximation. The short-range part of the interaction lead to a collective ``spinon spin wave'' mode, which splits off from the two-spinon continuum at a small momentum and disperses downward. Gauge fluctuations renormalize the susceptibility, providing nonzero power-law weight in the region outside the spinon continuum and giving the spin wave a finite lifetime, which scales as momentum squared. We also study the effect of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya anisotropy on the zero momentum susceptibility, which is measured in electron spin resonance (ESR), and obtain a resonance linewidth linear in temperature and varying as B2/3{B}^{2/3}B2/3 with magnetic field BBB at low temperatures. Our results form the basis for a theory of inelastic neutron scattering, ESR, and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering studies of this quantum spin-liquid state.
In this review, the importance of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI) to the magnetic properties of quantum spin systems is discussed mainly focusing on the determination of or understanding the role of DMI extracted from highfrequency high-field electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements.This review includes the ESR theories of the S = 1=2 one-dimensional (1D) antiferromagnet with the staggered field (Oshikawa-Affleck theory) and with the uniform DMI, and several related experimental results are shown.Then, the proposed mechanisms of the singlet-triplet transition in quantum spin systems together with the ESR selection rules are introduced in connection with various experimental results.Finally, the role of DMI in the ground state of kagome lattice antiferromagnets and the honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet is discussed with some experimental results.
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We study magnetic excitations for anisotropic spin dimer systems. We present a theory that describes not only the lowest-lying excitation mode but also higher-lying modes of the spin dimers, where the latter modes are important for quantum phase transitions driven by magnetic field and pressure in spin-gapped systems. As the most intriguing application, we calculate electron spin resonance (ESR) intensity in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction, which couples the local triplet with the singlet states of the dimer. The ESR intensities under various configurations of the DM interactions are reported in both disordered and field-induced ordered phases, which are very useful for the analysis of high-field ESR data.