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arXiv:2108.01882 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Phase transition of an SU(3) symmetric spin-1 chain

Tohru Mashiko, K. Nomura

Published Oct 4, 2021• 2 citations
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Abstract

We investigate a phase transition in an SU(3) symmetric spin-1 chain. To study this transition, we numerically diagonalize an SU(3) symmetric Hamiltonian combining the Uimin-Lai-Sutherland (ULS) model Hamiltonian with the Hamiltonian of the exact trimer ground state (${\mathbb{Z}}_{3}$ symmetry breaking). Our numerical results are discussed on the basis of the conformal field theory (CFT) and the renormalization group (RG). We then show the phase transition between a trimer liquid phase (massless, no long-range order) and a trimer phase (spontaneously ${\mathbb{Z}}_{3}$ symmetry breaking). Next, we find the central charge $c=2$ in the massless phase, and $c<2$ in the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{3}$ symmetry broken phase. From these results, we identify the universality class of the critical trimer liquid phase, as well as the phase boundary between these two phases.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.104.155405

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We investigate a phase transition in an SU(3) symmetric spin-1 chain. To study this transition, we numerically diagonalize an SU(3) symmetric Hamiltonian combining the Uimin-Lai-Sutherland (ULS) model Hamiltonian with the Hamiltonian of the exact trimer ground state (Z3{\mathbb{Z}}_{3}Z3​ symmetry breaking). Our numerical results are discussed on the basis of the conformal field theory (CFT) and the renormalization group (RG). We then show the phase transition between a trimer liquid phase (massless, no long-range order) and a trimer phase (spontaneously Z3{\mathbb{Z}}_{3}Z3​ symmetry breaking). Next, we find the central charge c=2c=2c=2 in the massless phase, and c<2c<2c<2 in the Z3{\mathbb{Z}}_{3}Z3​ symmetry broken phase. From these results, we identify the universality class of the critical trimer liquid phase, as well as the phase boundary between these two phases.
We study critical phenomena of an SU(3) symmetric spin-1 chain when adding an SU(3) asymmetric term. To investigate such phenomena, we numerically diagonalize the dimer–trimer (DT) model Hamiltonian around the SU(3) symmetric point, named the pure trimer (PT) point. We analyze our numerical results on the basis of the conformal field theory (CFT). First of all, we discover that soft modes appear at the wave number q = 0 and ±2π/3 for the PT point, and then the system is critical. Secondly, we find that the system at the PT point can be described by the CFT with the central charge c = 2 and the scaling dimension x = 2/3. Finally, by investigating the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian in the vicinity of the PT point, we find that there is a phase transition at the PT point from a massive phase to a massless phase. From these numerical results, the phase transition at the PT point belongs to the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT)- like universality class that is explained by the level-1 SU(3) Wess–Zumino–Witten [SU(3)1 WZW] model.
We study critical phenomena of the SU(3) symmetric spin-1 chains when adding the SU(3) asymmetric term. To investigate such system, we numerically diagonalize the Dimer-Trimer (DT) model Hamiltonian around the SU(3) symmetric point, named the pure trimer (PT) point. We analyze our numerical results with the conformal field theory (CFT). First of all, we discover soft modes at the wave number q = 0 and q = 2π/3 for the PT point, and then the system is critical. Secondly, we find that the system at the PT point belongs to the CFT with the central charge c = 2 and the scaling dimension x = 2/3. Finally, by investigating the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian in the vicinity of the PT point, we find that there is a phase transition at the PT point from a massive phase to a massless phase. From these numerical results, the phase transition at the PT point belongs to the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT)-like universality class that is explained by the level-1 SU(3) Wess-Zumino-Witten (SU(3) 1 WZW) model.
We investigate critical phenomena of a spin-1 chain in the vicinity of the SU(3) symmetric critical point, which we already specified in a previous study [Mashiko and Nomura, Phys. Rev. B 104, 155405 (2021)]. We numerically diagonalize a Hamiltonian combining the bilinear-biquadratic Hamiltonian with the trimer Hamiltonian. We then discuss the numerical results based on the conformal field theory and the renormalization group. As a result, we first verify that the critical point found in our previous study is the tricritical point among the Haldane phase, the trimer phase, and the the trimer-liquid (TL) phase. Second, with regard to the TL-trimer transition and the TL-Haldane transition, we find that the critical phenomena around this tricritical point belong to the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless-like universality class. Third, we find the boundary between the Haldane phase and the trimer phase, which is illustrated by the massive self-dual sine-Gordon model.
We study the quantum critical phase of an SU(2) symmetric spin-2 chain obtained from spin-2 bosons in a one-dimensional lattice. We obtain the scaling of the finite-size energies and entanglement entropy by exact diagonalization and density-matrix renormalization group methods. From the numerical results of the energy spectra, central charge, and scaling dimension we identify the conformal field theory describing the whole critical phase to be the SU(3)_{1} Wess-Zumino-Witten model. We find that, while the Hamiltonian is only SU(2) invariant, in this critical phase there is an emergent SU(3) symmetry in the thermodynamic limit.
An anyon-chain-like lattice model with symmetry described by the Ising fusion category is studied. Combining numerical and analytical studies, we uncover a rich phase diagram that contains three phases: a symmetric critical phase and two categorical symmetry breaking phases. The symmetric phase lies in the same universality class as the usual critical Ising model. The first symmetry-breaking phase, dubbed the \emph{categorical ferromagnetic} phase, has the Ising fusion category fully broken and exhibits a threefold ground-state degeneracy, as expected from the generalized Landau paradigm. The other symmetry-breaking phase is analogous to a conventional antiferromagnet: it breaks lattice translation and part of the Ising fusion category, and therefore is termed the \emph{categorical antiferromagnetic} phase. Unlike ordinary antiferromagnetic states associated with finite invertible symmetry breaking, this phase itself is critical, being described by a fourfold degenerate Ising conformal field theory. We argue more generally that antiferromagnetic states associated with broken non-invertible symmetries have a large low-energy manifold that grows exponentially in system size, due to the greater-than-one quantum dimension of domain walls. We also numerically study the transitions between the three phases. The transition between the symmetric and categorical ferromagnetic phase is described by the c=7/10c=7/10c=7/10 tricritical Ising CFT, while the transition between the symmetric and categorical antiferromagnetic phases is less understood. Our numerical data suggest that the latter transition is continuous and described by a conformal field theory with central charge c=3/2c=3/2c=3/2.
We construct and study quantum trimer models and resonating SU(3)-singlet models on the kagome lattice, which generalize quantum dimer models and the resonating valence bond wave functions to a trimer and SU(3) setting. We demonstrate that these models carry a Z(3) symmetry which originates in the structure of trimers and the SU(3) representation theory, and which becomes the only symmetry under renormalization. Based on this, we construct simple and exact parent Hamiltonians for the model which exhibit a topological ninefold degenerate ground space. A combination of analytical reasoning and numerical analysis reveals that the quantum order ultimately displayed by the model depends on the relative weight assigned to different types of trimers-it can display either Z(3) topological order or form a symmetry-broken trimer crystal, and in addition possesses a point with an enhanced U(1) symmetry and critical behavior. Our results accordingly hold for the SU(3) model, where the two natural choices for trimer weights give rise to either a topological spin liquid or a system with symmetry-broken order, respectively. Our work thus demonstrates the suitability of resonating trimer and SU(3)-singlet ansatzes to model SU(3) topological spin liquids on the kagome lattice.