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arXiv:2107.10872

Kinetic equations and hierarchies of evolution equations of quantum systems

V. I. Gerasimenko

Published Jul 22, 2021• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The article provides an overview of some advances in the mathematical understanding of the nature of the kinetic equations of quantum systems of many particles. The fundamental equations of modern mathematical physics are studied, in particular, the hierarchies of evolution equations of quantum systems and their asymptotic behavior described by kinetic nonlinear equations.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2107.10872

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The article provides an overview of some advances in the mathematical understanding of the nature of the kinetic equations of quantum systems of many particles. The fundamental equations of modern mathematical physics are studied, in particular, the hierarchies of evolution equations of quantum systems and their asymptotic behavior described by kinetic nonlinear equations.
The article outlines key topics related to deriving kinetic equations and, in general, to the relationship between the evolution equations governing quantum many-particle systems. The main issues being considered are the mathematical origin of quantum kinetic equations, novel methods for deriving kinetic equations from hierarchies of evolution equations for quantum systems, specifically focusing on kinetics within the framework of the evolution of observables, and the generalization of the quantum kinetic equation specified by non-separable initial states.
In the paper we discuss possible approaches to the problem of the rigorous derivation of quantum kinetic equations from underlying many-particle dynamics. For the description of a many-particle evolution we construct solutions of the Cauchy problems of the BBGKY hierarchy and the dual BBGKY hierarchy in suitable Banach spaces. In the framework of the conventional approach to the description of kinetic evolution the mean-field asymptotics of the quantum BBGKY hierarchy solution is constructed. We develop also alternative approaches. One method is based on the construction of the solution asymptotics of the initial-value problem of the quantum dual BBGKY hierarchy. One more approach is based on the generalized quantum kinetic equation that is a consequence of the equivalence of the Cauchy problems of such evolution equation and the BBGKY hierarchy with initial data determined by the one-particle density operator.
We develop a rigorous formalism for the description of the evolution of states of quantum many-particle systems in terms of a one-particle density operator. For initial states which are specified in terms of a one-particle density operator the equivalence of the description of the evolution of quantum many-particle states by the Cauchy problem of the quantum BBGKY hierarchy and by the Cauchy problem of the generalized quantum kinetic equation together with a sequence of explicitly defined functionals of a solution of stated kinetic equation is established in the space of trace class operators. The links of the specific quantum kinetic equations with the generalized quantum kinetic equation are discussed.
The study of complex quantum systems is a fundamental aspect of modern physics, providing insights into the behavior of matter at microscopic scales. Mathematical physics plays a crucial role in developing the theoretical frameworks necessary for understanding these systems, yet challenges remain in applying these concepts to real-world scenarios. This research aims to investigate the application of mathematical techniques in analyzing complex quantum systems. The focus is on identifying effective mathematical models and methods that can enhance our understanding of quantum phenomena. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing various mathematical approaches utilized in quantum mechanics, including perturbation theory, group theory, and numerical simulations. Case studies were examined to illustrate the successful application of these methods in real-world quantum systems. Findings indicate that advanced mathematical techniques significantly improve the modeling and analysis of complex quantum systems. The application of perturbation theory and numerical simulations provided deeper insights into system behaviors, while group theory facilitated a better understanding of symmetry properties. This research highlights the indispensable role of mathematical physics in the study of complex quantum systems. By emphasizing the integration of mathematical techniques, the study contributes to the advancement of theoretical physics and offers pathways for future research in quantum mechanics.
We consider the origin of the microscopic description of correlations in quantum systems. For correlation operators that give the alternative description of the quantum state evolution of many-particle systems, we deduce the von Neumann hierarchy of nonlinear equations and discuss the relationships of its solution both with the solution of the BBGKY hierarchy and with the s -particle correlation operators. A solution of the von Neumann hierarchy is constructed in the form of an expansion over particle clusters whose evolution is described by the corresponding order cumulant (semi-invariant) of evolution operators of the von Neumann equations for the density operators. For the initial data from the space of sequences of trace class operators the existence of a strong and a weak solution of the Cauchy problem is proved.