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arXiv:2107.07367 · Physical Review Applied

Planar-Integrated Magneto-Optical Trap

Liang Chen, Chang-Jiang Huang, Xin‐Biao Xu, Yichen Zhang, Dong-Qi Ma, Zheng‐Tian Lu, Zhu-Bo Wang, Guang-Jie Chen, Ji-Zhe Zhang, Hong X. Tang, Chun‐Hua Dong, Wen Liu, Guo‐Yong Xiang, Guang‐Can Guo, Chang‐Ling Zou

Published Mar 10, 2022• 64 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The magneto-optical trap (MOT) is an essential tool for collecting and preparing cold atoms with a wide range of applications. We demonstrate a planar-integrated MOT by combining an optical grating chip with a magnetic coil chip. The flat grating chip simplifies the conventional six-beam configuration down to a single laser beam, and the flat coil chip replaces the conventional anti-Helmholtz coils of cylindrical geometry. Up to ${10}^{6}$ cold ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms are trapped by the planar-integrated MOT, with the atom cloud being approximately $6\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mm}$ above the chip surface. This configuration effectively reduces the volume, weight, and complexity of the MOT, bringing benefits to applications including gravimeter, clock, and quantum memory devices.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.17.034031

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The magneto-optical trap (MOT) is an essential tool for collecting and preparing cold atoms with a wide range of applications. We demonstrate a planar-integrated MOT by combining an optical grating chip with a magnetic coil chip. The flat grating chip simplifies the conventional six-beam configuration down to a single laser beam, and the flat coil chip replaces the conventional anti-Helmholtz coils of cylindrical geometry. Up to 106{10}^{6}106 cold 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms are trapped by the planar-integrated MOT, with the atom cloud being approximately 6mm6\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mm}6mm above the chip surface. This configuration effectively reduces the volume, weight, and complexity of the MOT, bringing benefits to applications including gravimeter, clock, and quantum memory devices.
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Abstract We present a compact cold atom platform where an optical grating chip and planar coil chip are placed inside a compact vacuum chamber to create a magneto-optical trap. This approach significantly reduces the system volume to about 20 × 20 × 20 cm3 compared to conventional vacuum systems and offers greater flexibility in accessing the trapped atoms. We demonstrate the trapping of 3 × 105 cold rubidium atoms at a temperature of 100 μK in a vacuum pressure below 10−7 mbar. The simplified optical geometry, low power consumption, and high degree of integration make this a promising platform for portable and versatile cold-atom devices in quantum sensing, timing, and information processing.
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Compact, lightweight, and energy-efficient cold-atom systems are foundational for the development of deployable quantum technologies, yet their realization remains largely constrained due to reliance on bulky optical and magnetic components. Here, we demonstrate a record-low-SWaP (size, weight, and power) magneto-optical trap architecture seamlessly integrating planar photonic and magnetic components into a monolithic, scalable, and manufacturable platform. This is achieved by developing a multifunctional metasurface that converts a linearly-polarized Gaussian beam into a circularly-polarized flat-top beam (FTB), replacing conventional lens-waveplate assemblies. In parallel, a planar magnetic coil chip substitutes bulky anti-Helmholtz coils and generates the required quadrupole magnetic field with substantially reduced power consumption. Using D 2 line cooling of 87 Rb atoms, the fully planar system achieves nearly an order-of-magnitude improvement in trapped-atom number while operating at a fraction of the SWaP of traditional implementations. This planar integration strategy provides an energy-efficient and scalable pathway toward robust, deployable cold-atom platforms.
Abstract Magneto-optical traps (MOTs) composed of magnetic fields and light fields have been widely utilized to cool and confine microscopic particles. Practical technology applications require miniaturized MOTs. The advancement of planar optics has promoted the development of compact MOTs. In this article, we review the development of compact MOTs based on planar optics. First, we introduce the standard MOTs. We then introduce the grating MOTs with micron structures, which have been used to build cold atomic clocks, cold atomic interferometers, and ultra-cold sources. Further, we introduce the integrated MOTs based on nano-scale metasurfaces. These new compact MOTs greatly reduce volume and power consumption, and provide new opportunities for fundamental research and practical applications.
Magneto-optical traps (MOTs), indispensable to cold-atom-based quantum computing and quantum precision measurement, are increasingly desired in compact and stable form. Particularly, the six-beam 3D-MOT, distinguished by symmetric geometry and superior trapping performance, finds particularly broad applications. Conventional implementations, however, rely on complex and bulky free-space optics, hindering miniaturization, practical assembly, and long-term stability. Here, we demonstrate a compact six-beam 3D-MOT system that employs two multifunctional optical metasurface chips to implement the optical-field functionalities required for cooling and trapping atoms. By combining two metasurface chips and a vacuum cell, a photonic-integrated cell module (PICM) is implemented as the core assembly and the volume is only" 73*73*107 mm^3" . In success, 1.3 * 10^3 Rb atoms are trapped and cooled to the temperature of ~183 μK. It should be noticed that the laser beam is guided to the metasurface through optical fiber, thus such fully fiber-coupled architecture enables straightforward and stable operations. We believe that this work would pave a practical route toward compact and portable 3D-MOT.