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arXiv:2107.02165 · Journal of High Energy Physics

Universal relations for holographic interfaces

Andreas Karch, Zhu-Xi Luo, Hao-Yu Sun

Published Sep 1, 2021• 22 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract We study the entanglement entropy in 1+1 dimensional conformal field theories in the presence of interfaces from a holographic perspective. Compared with the well-known case of boundary conformal field theories, interfaces allow for several interesting new observables. Depending on how the interface is located within the entangling region, the entanglement entropies differ and exhibit surprising new patterns and universal relations. While our analysis is performed within the framework of holography, we expect our results to hold more generally.

DOI
10.1007/jhep09(2021)172

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Abstract We study the entanglement entropy in 1+1 dimensional conformal field theories in the presence of interfaces from a holographic perspective. Compared with the well-known case of boundary conformal field theories, interfaces allow for several interesting new observables. Depending on how the interface is located within the entangling region, the entanglement entropies differ and exhibit surprising new patterns and universal relations. While our analysis is performed within the framework of holography, we expect our results to hold more generally.
We study the entanglement entropy in 1+1 dimensional conformal field theories in the presence of interfaces from a holographic perspective. Compared with the well-known case of boundary conformal field theories, interfaces allow for several interesting new observables. Depending on how the interface is located within the entangling region, the entanglement entropies differ and exhibit surprising new patterns and universal relations. While our analysis is performed within the framework of holography, we expect our results to hold more generally.
We explore interfaces and junctions joining multiple two-dimensional conformal field theories, with the goal of calculating entanglement entropies in their presence and exploring their holographic duals. In chapter 1 we start with an overview of the three subjects, collecting various well-known results and reviewing some foundational works.In chapter 2 we calculate the holographic entanglement entropy in the presence of a conformal interface for a geometric configuration in which the entangling region lies on one side of the interface. For the supersymmetric Janus solution we find exact agreement between the holographic and conformal field theory calculation of the entanglement entropy.In chapter 3 we calculate the entanglement entropy for topological interfaces in rational conformal field theories for the case where the interface lies at the boundary of the entangling interval and for the case where it is located in the center of the entangling interval. We compare the results to each other and also to the left/right entropy of a related boundary conformal field theory. We also comment on the entanglement entropies for topological interfaces in Liouville theory.In chapter 4 we consider entanglement through permeable junctions of N free boson and free fermion conformal field theories. We constrain the form of the general boundary state and calculate the replicated partition functions with interface operators inserted, from which the entanglement entropy is calculated. We find the functional form of the universal and constant terms to be similar to the N=2 case, depending only of the total transmission of the junction and the unit volume of the zero mode lattice. For N>2 we see a subleading divergent term which does not depend on the parameters of the junction. For N=3 we consider some specific geometries and discuss various limits.In chapter 5 we investigate topological interfaces between three-dimensional Abelian Chern-Simons theories in the context of the AdS_3/CFT_2 correspondence. We show that it is possible to connect the topological interfaces in the bulk Chern-Simons theory to topological interfaces in the dual conformal field theory on the boundary. In addition to the [U(1)]^{2N} Chern-Simons theory on AdS_3, we show that it is possible to find boundary counter terms which lead to the N conserved currents in the dual two-dimensional conformal field theory.
We study entanglement transitions for pairs of disjoint intervals in two-dimensional holographic interface conformal field theories. We consider several holographic models with equal central charges on the two sides of the interface: thin-wall geometries with one and two branes, the Janus solution, and the super-Janus solution. We first discuss the finite interface contribution to the entanglement entropy of a single interval, distinguishing intervals that cross the interface from those that lie entirely on one side. We then use the mutual information to locate the transition between connected and disconnected Ryu--Takayanagi geodesic configurations for two intervals. When the interface lies between the two intervals, increasing the boundary entropy log⁡g\log glogg, which provides a measure of interface strength in the models considered here, generally decreases the critical separation at which the connected configuration ceases to dominate. When both intervals lie on the same side of the interface, the behavior is model dependent: the connected phase persists to larger separations in the Janus and super-Janus models, while the critical separation is unchanged in the thin-wall models. Thus, as diagnosed by the two-interval transition, the interface weakens correlations across the interface while preserving or enhancing correlations between regions on the same side. We also identify a universal ``Silver Blaze'' configuration, in which the interface lies inside one of the intervals and the transition occurs at the same location as in a CFT without an interface, independently of the interface parameters and of the holographic model. This universality follows from a cancellation between crossing and non-crossing interface contributions to the mutual information.
This thesis is dedicated to the analysis of correlation structure in two quite different ex-amples. In the first one we investigate the entanglement entropy (EE) through conformal inter-faces in two-dimensional conformal field theories. The EE is a measure for the strength of entanglement between two subsystems of a system in a pure state. Interfaces are one-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface along which two conformal field theories are glued together. They are called conformal if their gluing conditions is invariant under conformal transformations that preserve the shape of the interface. Special interfaces are topological ones. They are called topological because the partition function does not change when the interface is continuously deformed. We in particular show that in a vast class of conformal field theories the presence of a topological interface at the boundary between two subregions makes the EE get dressed with an additional sub-leading but universal contribution that solely depends on the interface data. This sub-leading contribution can be interpreted as a relative entropy measuring the relative loss of entanglement compared to no interface insertion. We also compute the EE through general conformal interfaces in the critical Ising model and find that its leading order is affected by the interfaces if and only if it is not topological. Any conformal defect can be characterized by its transmissivity. As physically expected, the EE though conformal interfaces in the Ising model decreases for lower transmissivities. The second example is what we call classical holographic codes. They are classical probabilistic codes defined by a network on a uniform tiling of a constant time slice of AdS 3 -spacetime. They share some remarkable properties with certain quantum error correcting codes that are designed to mimic particular properties of the AdS/CFT correspondence. Under these features are the Ryu-Takayanagi formula and bulk reconstruction properties that both reflect deep connections between the correlation structure of a theory and the ge- ometry of its dual description. Our classical codes can be seen as toy models for holography that show that the latter features do not necessarily originate from a quantum description.
A bstract In 1+1 dimensional conformal field theory with a boundary the boundary contribution to the entanglement entropy is determined by a single number g effectively counting the boundary degrees of freedom. In contrast, in 1+1 dimensional interface CFTs the corresponding quantity is a non-trivial function depending on the position of the interval relative to the interface, giving access to much more detailed information about the defect. In this work we determined this g -function in several examples using holography and derive some of its basic properties from holography and strong subadditivity.